The term of creative accounting refers to select accounting methods for the preparation of financial statement that provide the result desired by the accounting preparers. Especially when the firms are under a financial difficulty‚ the need of creativity would be very apparent because it might be difficult for parties such as auditors‚ with an oversight function‚ to report that the account preparers are doing anything wrong (Deegan‚ 2010). When the economy is moving into recession‚ the most companies
Premium Management Risk Balance sheet
A Note on Direct Costs Garrison et al.[1] define direct cost as a cost that can be easily and conveniently traced to a specific cost object. They go on to say that the concept of direct cost extends beyond just direct materials and direct labor. This is a reasonably accurate definition but I think you need a little more information to help you understand how to use this concept. There are certain features of direct costs that I would like to explain with this note. In the problems in Chapter
Premium Cost Cost accounting Costs
Alberta School of Business Department of Accounting OPERATIONS and Information systems Accounting 523 Section X50 winter 2013 Midterm Exam Last Name First Name I.D. Number INSTRUCTIONS 1. Read these instructions carefully. 2. You must hand in this exam booklet before leaving the exam. 3. To answer the multiple choice questions‚ circle the letter of your answer. To change your answer‚ stroke through the old answer and circle the new response. You may write
Premium Costs Variable cost Management accounting
Introduction 1. Definition According to Robert K. Elliot‚ 1997‚ assurance is a positive declaration that produces quality information which enhances the degree of confidence for all intended users as well as improves the quality of decision that being made. It is also part of corporate governance which provide reliable and accurate information to the stakeholders such as investors‚ employees‚ government‚ voluntary sector and market regulators‚ regarding the efficiency and effectiveness of
Premium Auditing Audit Internal audit
We are concerned with decision making in the short run under conditions with certainty with a single limiting factor.SHORT AND LONG TERM DECISIONSDecisions taken by management may affect the future of the business in the long term‚ short term or both.Factors which are relevant in the short term may be irrelevant in the long run and vice-versa‚ but in evaluating the factors which are quantitative and qualitative‚ only the revenues and costs which are affected by the decision are relevant.In the short
Premium Economics Decision making Variable cost
A SHORT HISTORY OF ACCOUNTING AND BUSINESS The history of accounting is as old as civilization‚ among the most important professions in economic and cultural development. Accountants invented writing‚ developed money and banking‚ innovated the double entry bookkeeping system that fueled the Italian Renaissance‚ were needed by Industrial Revolution inventors and entrepreneurs for survival‚ helped develop the capital markets necessary for big business so essential for capitalism‚ turned into a profession
Premium Double-entry bookkeeping system Balance sheet Expense
Managerial Accounting Focusing on Internal Accounting Debby L. Lenahan AIU Online ACCT310-1302A-04: Managerial Accounting interoffice memorandum to: | CEO | from: | debby lenahan | subject: | hiring new managerial accountant | date: | May 5‚ 2013 | cc: | prof. kristina unutoa | | | It is imperative that we hire another managerial accountant to focus on our internal accounting. Our internal accounting is very important because this is what sets our standards and policies.
Premium Ethics Business ethics Business
Question W 1-8 Shareholder of the oil company would be the ones most interested in the financial reports. The financial statements that would be disclosed‚ would eventually affect the price of the share. Their investment would be on stake. Higher price would mean a higher share price and more returns and dividends. Furthermore prospective share holders can decide whether they want to invest in the oil company or not and whether it is safe to invest in the company or not. The creditors of the company
Premium Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Depreciation Balance sheet
bankruptcy in the future. The accounting period of the business would be continuing as usual until the business is officially shut down due to bankruptcy. The time interval concept means the business life of all the company has to separate similarly into the same accounting period. CITATION woo12 \l 17417 (Wood & Sangster‚ 2012) For example‚ the accountants of the companies need to
Premium Balance sheet Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Income statement
Overview of government accounting Government accounting Government accounting refers to the different accounting systems that the different entities in the public sector use. Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB) set the accounting standards to be used by the state and local government. The role of the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) is to set up and improve the accounting standards of state and local government. It also ensures that financial reporting gives accurate and
Premium Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Balance sheet Income statement