The word ‘equity’ can be seen to have a wide range of meanings- to many it is a synonym for ‘fairness’ or justice’. Those within the legal community recognise equity as the body of rules developed and applied by the Court of Chancery; a court previously presided over by the Lord Chancellor with rules developed under his authority. The law of equity developed due to the inflexibility of the common law. Before the development of equity‚ The law was rigid (which was often cited as a weakness) for example
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Defination Deficit Financing Deficit budget means that Govt. expenditure is more than its income from taxes and fee etc. Resources for deficit budget are met by borrowing‚ which is called Deficit Financing. In Pakistan deficit financing is needed because development programs require huge finance whereas domestic savings and income from taxes are not sufficient enough for this purpose. Increasing savings habits‚ population control‚ elimination of corruption‚ decrease in non-productive expenditure
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PRIVATE EQUITY – A VIABLE ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF FUNDING FOR GHANAIAN SMEs By Joseph Ciici Arthur Ghana’s workforce is predominantly employed by the informal sector. This sector of our economy is largely made up of Small and Medium scale Enterprises (SMEs) and sole proprietorships (“one man business”). This is confirmed by available data from the Registrar General which indicates that 90% of companies registered in Ghana are SMEs. Over time‚ this target group has been identified as the catalyst for
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Is Convertible Debt a Substitute for Straight Debt or for Common Equity? Craig M. Lewis Owen Graduate School of Management Vanderbilt University Nashville‚ TN 37203 Richard J. Rogalski Amos Tuck School of Business Dartmouth College Hanover‚ NH 03755 James K. Seward Graduate School of Business University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison‚ WI 53706 August 1999 *The authors thank Kooyul Jung‚ Yong-Cheol Kim and Rene Stulz for providing their equity and debt security offer data set.
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source of finance‚ internal source (for ex: retained profits‚ sales of existing assets‚ cut down stock level‚ etc) and external sources that can be furthermore divided into three different form‚ either short term (for ex: bank overdraft‚ creditors‚ debt factoring etc)‚ medium term (leasing‚ hire purchase‚ medium term loan‚ etc) or long term (shares‚ debentures‚ long term loan‚ etc). So the business can raise finance in number of ways. It also depends on the nature of business‚ if it is a big organisation
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effectively mitigate risks associated to whether the project is financed through Project Financing or Debt Financing. Project Financing Benefits - PDVSA can get into a joint venture with a private firm Higher flexibility from preserved debt capacity More foreign investments from larger private markets Reduced corporate taxes‚ tax rate reductions and tax holidays in project finance deals Payment of 34% income tax versus 67.7% income tax rate if financed by Maraven Costs High cost of political risk insurance
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Assignment: Loans and Equity The U.S. Small Company Association (SBA) continues to be aiding‚ helping‚ counseling‚ and safeguarding the interest of smaller businesses and their concerns since 1953 (www.sba.gov 2010). They recognize the key role smaller businesses took part in the building blocks of exactly what America was built on along with the requirement for their help in economic recuperation and growth. SBA is focused on Americans to help all of them with beginning‚ building‚ and growing
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is reasonable to use the company’s average cost of capital as a basis for the evaluation. A company’s securities typically include both debt and equity‚ one must therefore calculate both the cost of debt and the cost of equity to determine a company’s cost of capital. However‚ a rate of return larger than the cost of capital is usually required. The cost of debt is relatively simple to calculate‚ as it is composed of the rate of interest paid. In practice‚ the interest-rate paid by the company can
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Get Out of Debt Starting Right Now Personal Debt If you are in debt‚ you need to get rid of this financial and emotional nuisance as soon as possible. Never mind your credit rating. Do whatever it takes to become debt free and never borrow again. There is no financial advantage to having debt. In years past‚ there would be people who would talk about good debt and bad debt. Of course‚ good debt was money borrowed for investment purposes and was usually a mortgage for a home. We learned in 2008
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Financing Strategy Problem and Virtual Organization Strategy Paper There are many options for expansion for a privately held company. The Huffman Trucking Company has options to expand the operations of the business. The three best options that the firm faces are; going public through an IPO‚ acquiring another organization in the same industry‚ or merging with another organization. With each of these being a possibility‚ there are some aspects that must be taken into consideration. First there
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