NORMALIZATION OF DATABASE NORMALIZATION- is the process for evaluating and correcting table structures to minimize data redundancies‚ thereby‚ reducing the livelihood of data anomalies. The normalization process involves assigning attributes to tables based on the concept of determination. Normalization works through a series of stages called normal forms. 3 Stages of Normalization 1. 1NF or FIRST NORMALIZATION FORM 2. 2NF or SECOND NORMALIZATION FORM 3. 3NF or THIRED NORMALIZATION
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Normalization Normalization is a method for organizing data elements in a database into tables. Normalization Avoids • Duplication of Data – The same data is listed in multiple lines of the database • Insert Anomaly – A record about an entity cannot be inserted into the table without first inserting information about another entity – Cannot enter a customer without a sales order • Delete Anomaly – A record cannot be deleted without deleting a record about a related entity.
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Although‚ data is separated into different and more complex tables during normalization‚ the process of normalizing a database can help to organize data more efficiently by minimizing redundancy and providing more accurate records. During the process‚ column and field names are consolidated into more specific ones to avoid repetition of data. In many cases‚ tables are divided into two or more tables and linked via a relationship using their Primary Keys and/or Foreign Keys. The main goal is to
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Normalization A logical design method which minimizes data redundancy and reduces design flaws. Consists of applying various “normal” forms to the database design. The normal forms break down large tables into smaller subsets. First Normal Form (1NF) Each attribute must be atomic • No repeating columns within a row. • No multi-valued columns. 1NF simplifies attributes • Queries become easier.
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August 4‚ 2009 What is Database Normalization? Database Normalization is a systematic way of ensuring that a database structure is suitable for general – purpose quering and normalization is the process of efficently organizing data in a database. This process was first introduced in 1970 by E.F. Codd and has since been redefined to higher normal forms. The two goals of the normalization process are: eliminating redundant data and ensuring that data dependencies make sense. These goals reduce
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Chapter 11 Relational Database Design Algorithms and Further Dependencies Chapter Outline 0. Designing a Set of Relations 1. Properties of Relational Decompositions 2. Algorithms for Relational Database Schema 3. Multivalued Dependencies and Fourth Normal Form 4. Join Dependencies and Fifth Normal Form 5. Inclusion Dependencies 6. Other Dependencies and Normal Forms DESIGNING A SET OF RELATIONS Goals: Lossless join property (a must) Algorithm 11.1 tests
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Normalization of Database Tables Database Tables and Normalization * Normalization is a process for assigning attributes to entities. It reduces data redundancies and helps eliminate the data anomalies. * Normalization works through a series of stages called normal forms: * First normal form (1NF) * Second normal form (2NF) * Third normal form (3NF) * Fourth normal form (4NF) * The highest level of normalization is not always desirable. * The Need
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Overview of Database Concepts TRUE/FALSE 1. A database is a physical storage device for data. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 2 2. A field is a basic unit of data also referred to as a record. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 3 3. A character is a basic unit of data and can consist of a number‚ letter‚ or special symbol. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 3 4. A collection of fields is a file. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 3 5. A collection of records is a file. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 3 6. A field in the logical design of a database corresponds
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GRAND ASTORIA HOTEL RESERVATION WEBSITE A Project Presented to the Faculty of STI College-Zamboanga In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Information Technology by Calisang‚ Ellis Marc D. Caramonte‚ Edcel B. Lim‚ Jason Justin O. Abdu-Shakoor L. Ibrahim Project Adviser October 2012 ADVISER’S RECOMMENDATION SHEET This Project entitled GRAND ASTORIA HOTEL
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Database Normalization and Logical Process Concept paper This short paper will explain with a simple example the process and the need of normalization in the most of the business databases. Complete proposal break down (Timeline phases‚ Financial phases) will be submitted per management request. Overview At first any database should be designed with the end user in mind. Logical database design‚ also referred to as the logical model‚ is the process of arranging data into logical‚ organized groups
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