no company governs them | What are some reasons TCP/IP model is divided into layers? | Troubleshooting‚ Creation of network standards and protocols | Why is the TCP/IP model considered an "open" networking model? | It’s not owned by any specific organization | what do routers in a network do? | Mave data between LANs by linking them to WANs | What is encapsulation? | A way to cross data over a any network link | In a TCP/IP network‚ what is the difference between an IP address and a MAC
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File organization… deals with physical organization of records of a file for convenience of their storage and retrieval. Section B: Short Questions (20 marks) 1. What is data processing? Data processing is a series of actions on input that converts the input into useful output. In data processing‚ input is data and output is the useful information. In consists of three sub activities: Capturing
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SUBJECT : COMPUTER COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS Question Bank UNIT I 1. Write about the Evolution of data networks. 2. Explain the various topologies in networking. 3. Explain the ISO – OSI layer model of data communications. 4. Explain the Physical layer functions and various Wired media in detail. 5. Differentiate the connection oriented and connection less data service. 6. Explain the radio wave communications in detail. UNIT II 1. What are the various Local area networks
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standards‚ but are used in common practice to reduce the power of devices in both WLANs and WPANs. These techniques exist from the application layer all the way down to the physical layer of a traditional networking protocol stack. Techniques specific to a particular type of network are annotated as appropriate. Application Layer At the application layer a number of different techniques can be used to reduce the power consumed by a wireless device. A technique known as load partitioning allows an
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using (a) Packets (b) Switches (c) Bridges (d) Routers 6. Both hosts and routers are TCP/IP protocol software. However‚ routers do not use protocol from all layers. The laywer for which protocol software is not needed by a router is (a) Layer–5 (Application) (b) Layer–1 (Physical) (c) Layer –3 (Internet) (d) Layer–2 (Network Interface) 7. In multipuser database if two users wish to update the same record at the same time‚ They are prevented from doing so by (a) Jamming (b)
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Node In communication networks‚ a node (Latin nodus‚ ‘knot’) is a connection point‚ either a redistribution point or a communication endpoint (some terminal equipment). The definition of a node depends on the network and protocol layer referred to. A physical network node is an active electronic device that is attached to a network‚ and is capable of sending‚ receiving‚ or forwarding information over a communications channel Workstation A workstation is a high-end microcomputer designed for technical
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standards governing the design of hardware and software that permit users of networks manufactured by different vendors to communicate and share data. Without protocols‚ data transmission between two incompatible systems would be impossible. Protocols facilitate the physical connection between the network devices. Protocols also synchronize the transfer of data between physical devices. They provide a basis for error checking and measuring network performance. They promote compatibility among network
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wireless information networks ● Line switching ● DTMF – dual tone multi frequency ● Telephony protocol ● Standards in telecommunication ● Digital telephony networks – PCM ● ISDN – Integrated Services Digital Network ● D channel ● DSS1 layer 3 protocol 5 | 54 Communication Systems History of telephony networks ● Traditional analogous telephony networks – 1848: State Telegraphy System in Prussia (Siemens) – 1851: First trans-sea cable between Dover and Calais – 1858: Transatlantic
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Introduction In computer networking and telecommunications‚ Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a data-carrying mechanism that belongs to the family of packet-switched networks. When it comes to getting network traffic from point A to point B‚ no single way suits every application. Voice and video applications require minimum delay variation‚ while mission-critical applications require hard guarantees-of-service and rerouting. So far‚ only circuit-switched networks have provided the
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network has a very simple concept. Because of the simple concept a mesh network has fewer chances of breaking down the network. Many possible combinations of routes and hops data transferred can take one way or another to the destination. All of the nodes connect to each other‚ which makes mesh topology a complete network. The data is automatically configured to take the shortest route. An advantage would be that mesh topology provides redundant paths between devices. A disadvantage is that a mesh topology
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