disability are the common ailments in pediatric population. Most of these neurodevelopmental disorders concurs together. Genetic etiologies contributes to their occurrence in large extent. The genetic etiologies can be identified through multiple cytogenetic tests including microarrays and next-generation sequencing (NGS) which can reveal chromosomal aberrations such as copy number variations. Currently‚ the copy number variation tests are widely used due their efficacy in determination of the underlying
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Multiple Myeloma is mainly caused by the Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance‚ or MGUS‚ and other uncontrollable factors. “MGUS is an asymptomatic blood disorder characterized by an abnormally elevated level of monoclonal protein‚ often discovered incidentally during testing for other disorders. Monoclonal proteins‚ or "M-proteins‚" are produced by plasma cells in the bone marrow.” Although it is not clear why‚ people who already been diagnosed with MGUS will most probably get multiple myeloma
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Fragile X Syndrome is a genetic condition that causes intellectual disability‚ behavioral and learning challenges‚ and various physical characteristics. FXS is caused by changes in the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. The FMR1 gene makes a protein called fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). FMRP is needed for normal brain development. People who do not produce this protein have FXS. The FMR1 gene is located on the X chromosome; we all have 46 chromosomes in all of our cells. Out
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few or no symptoms. This is the stage where approximately 85% of patients are diagnosed when they are having blood tests done for other reasons. The accelerated phase is much more dangerous because the leukemia cells grow more quickly and more cytogenetic abnormalities occur. This phase may be associated with fever‚ swollen spleen‚ and bone pain. If untreated‚ CML advances to the blast crisis phase where immature cells rapidly produce. Infection and bleeding may occur due to bone marrow
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The genital tract is usually normal in females‚ except for a report of a bicornuate In males‚ the testes are often small‚ but spermatogenesis is thought to be normal. HOW IS IT DIAGNOSED? FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION (FISH) Molecular cytogenetic studies using FISH allow the diagnosis to be made in patients with very small deletions. FISH uses genetic markers that have been precisely localized to the area of interest. The absence of a fluorescent signal from either the maternal or paternal
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Micro-deletion syndromes Di- George syndrome Aetiology Deletion of part of the long arm in chromosome 22 at location 22q11.2(1) The most common deletion includes the TBX1 gene (85% individuals)‚ see figure 1 below. Defect in neural-crest tissue (thyroid‚ thymus‚ and conotruncal septum of the heart) due deletion of region in chromosome 22 (2) Inheritance pattern is autosomal dominant (2) Hypoplasia of thymus and parathyroid glands resulting in hypocalcemia Acronym CATCH22 is used for
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NEW AND RESTRUCTURED POST-GRADUATE CURRICULA & SYLLABI Plant Sciences Genetics & Plant Breeding Seed Science & Technology Education Division Indian Council of Agricultural Research New Delhi April 2009 Contents Page(s) Executive Summary 3-4 BSMAC Composition 5 Preamble 6-8 Organization of Course Contents & Credit Requirements 9 Genetics & Plant Breeding 10-50 Course Structure – at a Glance Course Contents List of Journals e-Resources Suggested Broad
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the supervision of Dr. Shyamal Kr. Chakraborty Associate Professor‚ Cytogenetics Laboratory‚ PG Dept of Botany‚ Barasat Government College Cytotoxic And Genotoxic Effects of Gutkha using Allium cepa Assay EKTA BHATTACHARYA Roll BGC/BOT No. 112001 M.Sc Semester IV Examination 2013 Under the supervision of Dr. Shyamal Kr. Chakraborty Associate Professor‚ Cytogenetics Laboratory‚ PG Dept of Botany‚ Barasat Government College
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morphology‚ immunophenotype‚ cytogenetics‚ and molecular characteristics impact the clinical courses of disease and individual patient response. Cell morphology is essential in identifying the shape‚ structure‚ form‚ and size of cells. In cancer‚ for instance‚ cell morphology pertains to the shape and size of the cancer cells. Immunophenotype is the study of the lymphoma cells and is critical in the definitive diagnosis of anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Cytogenetics is to determine chromosome changes
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Zoology Zoology is the study of animal life. Zoologists research everything they think to ask about animals‚ including their anatomy and interrelationships‚ their physiology and genetics‚ their distributions and habitats. Human beings have been zoologists for as long as there have been human beings. As humans‚ we are intricately tied to animal life - we’ve depended on many of them for food‚ work‚ and friendship throughout our evolution and history....not to mention that
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