Preparation of 4-bromoaniline Introduction Aromatic compounds tend to undergo electrophilic aromatic substitutions rather than addition reactions. Substitution of a new group for a hydrogen atom takes place via a resonance-stabilized carbocation. As the benzene ring is quite electron-rich‚ it almost always behaves as a nucleophile in a reaction which means the substitution on benzene occurs by the addition of an electrophile. Substituted benzenes tend to react at predictable positions. Alkyl groups
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GENERAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF NUCLEAR BOMBS According to the movie‚ TRINITY AND BEYOND: THE ATOMIC BOMB MOVIE‚ on July the sixteenth year 1945‚ at a site called "Trinity"‚ a plutonium bomb ’ was piled and taken up the top of a tower. This plutonium bomb ’ was exploded thereby generating a very high measure of flash light and a fireball that radiated through 0.6 kilometers (0.37 miles) in 2 seconds. The detonative energy or power was equivalent to 18.6 kilotons of TNT. This fume grew up
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EXPERIMENT 2: Recrystallization and Melting Point Recrystallization (or Crystallization) is a technique used to purify solids. This procedure relies on the fact that solubility increases as temperature increases (you can dissolve more sugar in hot water than in cold water). As a hot‚ saturated solution cools‚ it becomes supersaturated and the solute precipitates (crystallizes) out. In a recrystallization procedure‚ an impure (crude) solid is dissolved in a hot solvent. As this solution is cooled
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Air Pollution * Pollutants enter the air from various sources‚ but burning of fossil fuels contributes the most to air pollution. * Exhaust fumes from vehicles contains soot (tiny carbon particles)‚ lead (from cars using unleaded petrol)‚ carbon monoxide‚ oxides of nitrogen and hydrocarbons due to the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. * Burning of fossil fuels in the combustion engines of vehicles and electrical power stations also releases large amount of carbon dioxide into the
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Hydraulic fracturing is a process used in nine out of 10 natural gas wells in the United States‚ where millions of gallons of water‚ sand and chemicals are pumped underground to break apart the rock and release the gas. Scientists are worried that the chemicals used in fracturing may pose a threat either underground or when waste fluids are handled and sometimes spilled on the surface. The natural gas industry defends hydraulic fracturing‚ better known as fracking‚ as safe and efficient. Thomas J
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Experiment 5 Title : Thin Layer Chromatography Objectives: i. To distinguish polar and non-polar solvents. ii. To familiar with the analysis technique by using the thin layer chromatography. iii. To differentiate the retention factor‚ Rf for different compounds. [pic] Result: |Compound |Distance traveled by the compound | |o-nitroanaline |2.45
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changed and here they are a little amount of phosphoric acid ester‚ imidazoline-type activator‚ polytyethylenealkylamine‚ polyotyethylent‚ alkylame and alkylalkanolamide. But these are not the only substances that can be found in pen inks‚ there may be toluene and xylene‚ and other heavy metal compounds which may cause skin irritating‚ nauseas‚ blurred visions‚ dizziness and drowsiness. These substances are also non-renewable oils. Through complicated and extensive research‚ our team has found a cheaper
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SORPTION BEHAVIOR OF HIBISCUS CANNABINUS L. CORE IN SIMULATED BUNKER OIL C – SEAWATER MIXTURE Lea C. Tan‚ Trina G. Napasindayao‚ Florinda T. Bacani Chemical Engineering Department‚ De La Salle University-Manila‚ Philippines 2401 Taft Avenue‚ Malate‚ Manila‚ Philppines‚ 1004 Keywords: Kenaf; mathematical equation; quantifying sorbent capacity; oil spill; sorbent; sorption ABSTRACT Sorption using natural sorbents is an alternative method of oil spill treatment. This research
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Master iit academy 2nd Floor‚ Samsung Plaza‚ Near Benz Circle‚ VIJAYAWADA PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (1) Shielding constant σ for Ne is 4.15 and the effective nuclear charge on Na+ and F- are respectively (A) 4.85 6.85 (B) 5.85 6.85 (C) 6.85 4.85 (D) 4.85 4.85 (2) Electron gain enthalpy and ionization energy of an atom are –a and +b eV respectively. The electronegativity of that atom on Mulliken scale is given by (A) a – b (B) (b – a )/2 (C) a + b (D) (a + b)/2 (3)
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Statement of Interest Form-Buyer_________________________________________________ 1. The statement of Interest is to be signed by the authorized signatory of the interested organization. (The accepted signatory would be the sole proprietor in case of a sole proprietorship‚ the partner in case of a partnership firm‚ and the director in case of private & public limited companies.) 2. Following documents are required to be submitted along with the Statement of Interest a) Non Refundable bidder registration
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