pipettes Safety: safety glasses must be worn to prevent injury to the eyes. Ensure room is well ventilated whilst using the hydro carbons. Method: 1. Place 1 ml of sample A (cyclohexane) into a test tube containing 4 mls of the bromine water solution. Record observations of any reaction. 2. Place 1 ml of sample A (cyclohexane) into a test tube containing 4 mls of the potassium permanganate solution. Record observations of any reaction. 3. Place 1 ml of sample B (cyclohexene) into a test tube containing
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closely than the refractive qualities in the fractional distillation. Simple distillations are best separated with two compounds whose boiling points have a difference greater than 30 degrees celsius. The difference between cyclohexane and 2-methylpentane is 52.74 degrees.(cyclohexane-80.74-2 methypentane-28). Unfortunately time didn’t allow us to complete both parts of the experiment on our own and so we relied on the results of others in class. In terms of error‚ it gives plenty of opportunity for
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second stage is its subsequent oxidation to adipic acid with an excess of strong nitric acid in the presence of copper and vanadium catalysts. Only 3-8 % conversion of cyclohexane is obtained in the first step. Recycling of the large amount of cyclohexane unreacted and separation of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone from cyclohexane present major problems. In the second step the highly corrosive nature of nitric acid and the nitrous oxide gas produced create reactor material issues and serious environmental
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------------------------------------------------- Abstract Nanofluids‚ the fluid suspensions of nanomaterials‚ have shown many interesting properties‚ and the distinctive features offer unprecedented potential for many applications. This paper summarizes the recent progress on the study of nanofluids‚ such as the preparation methods‚ the evaluation methods for the stability of nanofluids‚ and the ways to enhance the stability for nanofluids‚ the stability mechanisms of nanofluids‚ and presents
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Simple Distillation Experimental Organic Chemistry: A Miniscale and Microscale Approach. 4th Edition. By Gilbert and Martin. Section: 4.4 Introduction: Distillation is a technique used to purify various liquids. In a simple distillation‚ a liquid is boiled and the vapors work through the apparatus until they reach the condenser where they are cooled and reliquified. Liquids are separated based upon their differences in boiling point in which each pure substance is at least greater than 40-50
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other to react twice with a Grignard followed by removal of the protecting group by acid hydrolysis to give final product (C2). Method: Ethyl acetoacetate (30.03g)‚ ethylene glycol (15.01g) and toluene-p-sulphonic acid (0.13g) were added to a 250 cm3 round bottomed flask‚ containing a stirrer bar and toluene (100 cm3)‚ fitted with a condenser and dean-stark head. Solution was heated strongly under reflux using a heater stirrer block for approximately one hour. During heating 4.5 cm3 of water was collected
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: Jun. 12‚ 2009) Abstract : 2-Acetylcyclohexanone was synthesized by acylation reaction of acidic anhydride using enamine as organiocatalyst instead of a strong base‚ NaOH‚ resulting in milder reaction conditions. The reaction was conducted in toluene and direct distillation of the reaction mixture before hydrolysis was leaded to a high yield of the pyrrolidine enamine. This condition was leaded good yields (73.6%) without side reactions. Acylation gave an enol form (71.7%) and a keto form (28
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Introduction 3 Results 4 Discussion 6 Conclusion 7 Experimental 7 References 8 Preparation of 2-Acetylcyclohexanone Introduction When hydrogens are present on the α-carbon of ketones (like the reaction used in this experiment)‚ carbonyl compounds and aldehydes‚ they turn the compound slightly acidic1. These functional groups are removed by using a basic solution as shown in (i) below1. The product formed with water is stable only due to resonance‚ but does
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Analysis of Hydrocarbons Leoncito‚ Alyssa Lynn‚ Libatique‚ Keith Martin P.‚ Ligot‚ Nestlhyn B.*‚ Lim‚ Jamie Therese T. Department of Psychology‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ Manila‚ Philippines Abstract Four organic samples: hexane‚ cyclohexene‚ napthalene and toulene were given to serve as reference standards to characterize and distinguish four unknown given samples. Nitration‚ bromine and basic oxidation testswere conducted to classify the different samples from being an aliphatic‚ or aromatic
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soots and smoke were produced. C6H14 + 19/2 O2 6CO2 + 7H2O Cyclohexene Orange flame burned vigorously. A small amount of black soot and smoke were produced during the burning process. C6H10 + 17/2 O2 6CO2 + 5H2O Toluene Orange flame burned very vigorously. A large amount of black soot and smoke were produced during the burning process. C7H8 + 9O2 7CO2 + 4H2O Unknown A There was orange flame and burned mildly during the burning process. No soots
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