closed polygon or a ring and an example is a cyclohexane. Another way to classify hydrocarbons depends on the type of bonding that exists between the carbons. There are hydrocarbons that contain only carbon-to-carbon single bonds and they are called alkanes. There are also hydrocarbons that contain only carbon-to-carbon single bonds but it is different from alkanes because their carbon atoms are bonded together to form rings. They are called cyclohexanes. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are also known as
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IntroductionA dehydration reaction of an alcohol results in an alkene. This type of reaction requires an alcohol‚ an acid catalyst and heat. Generally strong concentrated acids‚ like sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid‚ are used as the acid catalyst.The acid catalyst protonates the alcohol‚ to make a much better leaving group. Weakest bases make the best leaving groups‚ so once the alcohol is protonated the leaving group leaves and produces in a carbocation and water. In order to form the double bond
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CHEM 3152-003 Experiment 2: Fractional Distillation and Gas Chromatography Introduction: The purpose of this experiment was to separate a mixture of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and toluene by using the method of fractional distillation and to analyze the fractions using gas chromatography (GC). ethyl acetate toluene Distillation is a method known as separating or purifying a liquid or mixture by vaporization and condensation. In a simple distillation‚ the liquids being separated boil below 150 0C
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color Br2/CH2Cl 2 the solution turned orange. Orange color held. Alkene Alkene used was pentene. Originally clear liquid. After addition‚ solution turned yellowish at first but then turned clear after a few minutes of sitting. Alkyne Alkyne used was toluene. Originally clear liquid. After addition‚ solution turned orange. Orange maintained longer than alkene but eventually turned clear. Unknown Originally clear liquid. After addition of unknown‚ turned orange but eventually faded to clear color after
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electron clouds of the groups or atoms. This arises‚ especially in structure D‚ when the hydrogens attached in the axial methyl substituents interact with one another. For cyclohexanes it is best when any of the substituents lie in equatorial position as much as possible‚ because it gives way to less steric strain. When the cyclohexanes are poly-substituted‚ not all the isomers can occupy all equatorial positions‚ yet the most stable isomer will have substituents in equatorial positions. The trans isomers
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Angela Pierre Chem 112 Lab Due: 03/05/2015 Lab Report 14 Questions 1. Part A.3. Some of the cyclohexane solvent vaporized during the temperature versus time measurement. Will this loss of cyclohexane result in its freezing point being recorded as too high‚ too low‚ or unaffected? Explain. -The freezing point will be higher because the loss of solvent means that the molarity of solute is too high. The melting point will be lower than expected. 5. Part B.2. The solute dissociates slightly in the
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DISTILLATION- SEPARATION OF A MIXTURE Ronald Ogbu‚ Alex 27th Aug. 2013 Purpose: To separate mixture of acetone and toluene using simple‚ packed and unpacked distillation columns. Results and Discussion: There were three distillation setups: simple‚ unpacked and pack fractional. All three procedures had different distillation apparatus but the unknown mixture was the same for all. The unknown liquid in a 50 ml round bottom flask was heated in a heating mantle such that a
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COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Abstract Organic compunds were examined to a comparative investigation to differentiate the properties of each sample. The physical state at room temperature‚ odor and color of the sample were noted by simple observation. In terms of solubility in H2O‚ 5% NaOH solution and 5% HCl solution‚ the samples were classified as to miscible‚ slightly immiscible or immiscible for liquid; and very soluble‚ soluble‚ partially soluble or insolubse for solid. The
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Experiment 1 Stereochemistry Stereochemistry is the study of the three-dimensional configuration that makes up a molecule and the ways in which this arrangement affects the physical and chemical properties of molecules. Isomerism is the main concern of stereochemistry. Isomers are sets of chemical compounds with identical molecular formulas but different structural properties. There are two types of isomers‚ structural isomers and stereoisomers. Structural isomers are subdivided into two:
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Task 3: The chemical tests used in order to carry out and collect these results are useful for the simple identification of colourless organic liquids and ones that are often found at the scenes of crime. The first test carried out was the Lucas test which was used to identify a variety of alcohols following the contribution of a given solution‚ from carrying this out I could then identify that primary and secondary alcohols were present with one tertiary alcohol also being present however despite
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