Alpha Sharmaine V. Salonga BSA-IA November 12‚ 2010 THE EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE CURRENCY The evolution of the Philippine currency has become a journey through centuries that began in the pre-colonization periods and continued up to now in our modern days. During the Pre-hispanic era‚ trading of goods was conducted through barter. Later on‚ its inconvenience led to the use of mediums of exchange such as gold‚ piloncitos‚ gold barter rings. These are believed to be the earliest coins of
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ASIAN CURRENCY VS. EUROPEAN CURRENCY : EXCHANGE RATE AND INTEGRATION MONETARY EPPM 4433: International Finance Semester 1 Session 2014/2015 Name ID email NUR SYAZANA BINTI NORDIN A139735 syazananordin@gmail.com MUHAMMAD ARIF HAFIZI B. SHAMSUDDIN A139742 arifhafizi8@gmail.com NOR FADHILAH BINTI NORIZAN A139997 missydilla@yahoo.com MOHD HAIL GAFUR B. RUHMAD A140113 mohdhailgafur@gmail.com Instructor : Dr. Noor Azryani Auzairy School of Management Faculty of Economics & Management 1
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Credit default swap (CDS) Credit default swaps‚ also known as default swaps‚ credit swaps and CDS‚ are the basic building block of thecredit derivatives market. Almost all credit derivatives take the form of a credit default swap‚ adn most of these swaps are based on a standard legal contract know as a confirm. An over-the-counter contract to transfer the credit risk of a reference entity‚ in which the protection buyer pays a premium and the protection seller makes a payment in the event of a default (credit
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Currency war From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Currency war involves states competing against each other on the foreign exchange markets to achieve a relatively low exchange rate‚ in order to boost their exports. Currency war‚ also known as Competitive devaluation‚ is a condition in international affairs where countries compete against each other to achieve a relatively low exchange rate for their home currency‚ so as to help their domestic industry. Competitive devaluation has been rare
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urrency Currency Hedging Melanie John MGT/448 8/30/12 Mike Zervos Currency Hedging Imagine buying products from another foreign market and having to first buy their currency in the amount needed to make the purchase. Considering currency fluctuates up and down just as stocks do at a stock market‚ investors are now taking advantage of currency hedging to lock in a set currency exchange rate. This paper will discuss what currency hedging is‚ when to use currency hedging and why it may benefit
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Effective rate of rupee was placed on a controlled‚ floating basis and linked to a “basket of currencies” with trading partners of India. In 1993 Liberalized exchange rate system (LERMS) was replaced by the unified exchange rate system and a system of market determined exchange rate was adopted. However‚ the RBI did not relinquish its power to intervene in the market to control the Indian currency. In India a series of economic reforms including liberalization of foreign capital inflows were
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Treasury Risk Management CURRENCY AND INTEREST RATE SWAP _A CASE STUDY OF THE AUSTRALIAN FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET_ ABSTRACT Business transactions occur on the international front and there are laws and regulations regarding the pricing of the long-term forward exchange contracts. It is noted that the violation of the traditionally covered interest arbitrage pricing relation has been rampant and that the activity in the international currency and interest rate swap markets offers a substantial
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Money doesn’t buy happiness but it helps. Money has become one of the main things in our modern life. Some people live their lives to earn money. They work hard‚ trying to earn as much money as they can. Some of them become crazy about it and lose their dignity hunting money. They don’t appreciate such important things as family‚ friendship‚ love and other feelings. Such people become greedy‚ they spend their lives in loneliness. I don’t deny that money influences our life a lot. As W.S. Maugham
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Currency Wars When we think of war‚ it is easy to imagine soldiers‚ guns‚ tanks and perhaps a bloody chaotic war zone. Then‚ when we think of trade‚ exchange rates‚ foreign exchange‚ currency and its policies what comes to mind--War? Probably not. We are however‚ “in the midst of an international currency war…this threatens us because it takes away our competitiveness” (Mantega). A currency war can be defined as a “competitive devaluation‚ [a] condition in international affairs where countries
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posed by worldwide currency fluctuations. One hedges the currency risk by contracting to sell foreign currency in the future‚ at the current exchange rate (Fries). If fund managers think the dollar is going to be stronger when they are ready to change the foreign currency back into American dollars‚ then they take out a foreign futures contract (a hedge). Thus‚ they lock in the exchange rate beforehand‚ so that they will not lose profits gained from holding devalued foreign currency (Hedging‚ 1999)
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