inversion for the ethyl‚ isopropyl‚ and methyl systems. Furthermore‚ through the analysis of vicinal interproton coupling constants‚ it is believed that these compounds exist mainly in the diaxial chair conformation. To verify this‚ an X-ray crystallography was carried out‚ and the result undeniably shows that the configuration of chair with diaxial substituents is favored in the solid state. It is presumed that the origin of this preference is the result of a strong hyperconjugative stabilization
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oligopeptide (CROP) domain. In order to determine the mechanism of action of actoxumab and bezlotoxumab‚ they fragmented CROP domain into four parts to determine the interaction between bezlotoxumab and each fragment on CROP domain. By using the X-ray crystallography to
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A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material‚ whose constituent atoms‚ molecules‚ or ions are arranged in an orderly repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. The scientific study of crystals and crystal formation is crystallography. The process of crystal formation via mechanisms of crystal growth is called crystallization or solidification. Potassium alum (Aluminum Potassium Sulfate) is the white crystalline natural mineral salt (double sulfate) of potassium which typically
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Cell Biology 1 – Prokaryotes & Viruses * Eukaryotes have a membrane whereas a prokaryote has no nuclear membranes. Both have a double stranded DNA. * The two main types of prokaryotes are bacteria and Archaea and eukarya are types of eukaryotes. * Archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes. * Prokaryotes have a membrane and nucleoid and most have a cell wall. * There are 3 main types of shapes of prokaryotes: * Bacillus – rod shapes * Spirilum – spiral shaped
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National Institute of Physics College of Science‚ U.P. Diliman Revised Curriculum for Bachelor of Science in Applied Physics (Materials Physics) (Effective First Semester 2002-2003) First Semester Math 14 (Plane Trigonometry)* Math 53 (Elem. Analysis I)* GE (Social Science & Philosophy) GE (Social Science & Philosophy) GE (Arts & Humanities) C.M.T. P.E. First Year 3 5 3 3 3 (1.5) (2) __ 17 Second Year 4 1 3 3 5 3 (1.5) (2) __ 19 Third Year 4 1 3 3 3 3 __ 17 Fourth Year 3 4 3 2 4 3 __ 19 Fifth
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indeed an efficient and driven researcher. Franklin utilized the X-ray diffraction techniques (that she has become most famous for) while working in a Paris laboratory between 1947 and 1950‚ with crystallographer Jacques Mering. 	X-ray crystallography helped determined the three dimensional structure of DNA when Franklin returned to England. She became the first person to find the molecule¡¯s sugar-phosphate backbone while working with a team of scientists at King¡¯s College in London. Unfortunately
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William Perez Cell Biology 2440 Lab on protein Myosin Proteins are chains of amino acids that perform the most important functions in living organism. Every protein will contain an amino group‚ carboxyl group‚ a different R group and an alpha carbon with two hydrogens. There are nine types of functions proteins can have‚ enzymes‚ motor‚ receptor‚ structural‚ storage‚ transport‚ signaling‚ and special purpose proteins(antibodies). There are four levels of protein structure‚ primary‚ secondary
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Marie Curie was a famous Polish chemist. Marie and her husband Pierre Curie were early researchers in radioactivity. She received her first Nobel Prize in 1903 for physics‚ together with Pierre and Henri Bequerell‚ for research in the area of radioactivity. In 1911‚ she was given a second Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her work in discovering radium and polonium. Discovery of Radium and Polonium Marie Curie received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911 for her discovery of radium and polonium. She
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Freem an‚ Biological Science‚ 4e‚ Chapter 4 Chapter 4 - Nucleic Acids and the RNA World Learning Objectives: Students should be able to... • Sketch a nucleotide‚ label its three basic parts‚ and identify the 2’‚ 3’‚ and 5’ carbons. • Make another sketch showing the primary and secondary structures of DNA. • Describe the primary‚ secondary‚ tertiary‚ and quaternary structures of RNA‚ and explain in what ways RNA differs from DNA. • Explain why and how the secondary structure of DNA allows
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The history of DNA structure discovery(sec.4.1): 1869- Johan miescher •studies the nuclei of white blood cells(isolated th material using HCL and digestive proteins •Named the substance nulclein and also found the material was rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. 1919-Pheobus levene •Discovered that DNA was made of chains of nucleotides *see nucleotide structure* 1920 DNAvsRNA * see chart •Thought that 4 nucleotides were connected in the same repeated pattern •protein gas 20 amino acids
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