more soluble at higher temperatures". 1 Crystallization is a delicate procedure that involves the slow formation of a crystalline solid. Rapid formation of an amorphorous solid is called precipitation‚ which can contain many impurities. "The purest crystals are obtained when crystallization occurs slowly from an undisturbed solution".2 In general‚ crystallization is the easiest process to purify a solid substance to an acceptable quality for basic laboratory work. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION The experimental
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How to Grow Alum Crystals Background Information A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material‚ whose constituent atoms‚ molecules‚ or ions are arranged in an orderly repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. The scientific study of crystals and crystal formation is crystallography. The process of crystal formation via mechanisms of crystal growth is called crystallization or solidification. Potassium alum (Aluminum Potassium Sulfate) is the white crystalline natural
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crystallized in a total of twelve differing environments. The amount of two different solutes‚ NaCl and polyethylene glycol (PEG)‚ were adjusted in the environments and the resulting crystals were examined. It was found that increasing amounts of a solute and protein will encourage high amounts of smaller sized crystals. Introduction: The process to determine a protein’s structure starts with the purification of the desired protein. A protein must be placed in an environment with specific conditions
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as sugar cubes or crystals‚ the temperature of the water‚ and the concentration of the solution. Learning that these factors contribute to the rate of dissolving a solute‚ I hypothesize that the increase in water temperature will decrease the dissolving time of the sugar cube and sugar crystal. For this experiment the temperature of the water represents the independent variable. The dependent variable is represented by the dissolving time of the sugar cube and sugar crystal. The amounts of water
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2.82 g hydrated crystal (CuSO4*5H2O) * Evaporating dish * Bunsen burner * Electronic balance * Metal tongs * Ring stand Procedure: 1) Determine the mass of evaporating dish and watch glass. 2) Add between 2 and 3 grams of the hydrated crystal to the evaporating dish. 3) Determine the mass of the dish and crystal. 4) Heat the substance until it turns white. 5) Let the dish cool. 6) Determine the mass of the dish and anhydrous crystal. 7) Clean up
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particles of a crystalline solid are arranged in a definite fashion in the three dimensional space. One such arrangement by representing the particles with points is shown below: Crystal Lattice: A regular arrangement of the constituent particles of a crystal in a three dimensional space is called crystal lattice or space lattice. Unit cell: The smallest three-dimensional portion of a complete space lattice‚ which when repeated over and again in different directions produces the
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Crystal Reports |Crystal Reports is the standard reporting tool for Visual Studio .NET used to display data of presentation quality. You can display | | |multiple-level totals‚ charts to analyze data‚ and much more in Crystal Reports. Creating a Crystal Report requires minimal coding since it| | |is created in Designer interface. It is available as an integrated feature of Microsoft Visual Studio .NET. | | With Crystal Reports for Visual Basic.NET‚ you
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( 1 mark ) (a) Frenkel defect(b) Interstitial positions(c) F-centres(d) Schottky effect (Q.2) Schottky defects in crystal is observed when ( 1 mark ) (a) unequal number of cations and anions aremissing from the lattice(b) equal number of cations and anions are missing from the lattice(c) an ion leaves its normal siteand occupies an interstitial site(d) density of the crystal is increased (Q.3) In an antiflourite structure‚ cations occupy: ( 1 mark ) (a) Octahedral voids(b) Centre of the
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Jett Theology 22 February 2013 The Dark Crystal The Dark Crystal is an allegorical movie that shows the relationship of good and evil in not only the bible but also the current world. In this movie Jen‚ the supposed last of the Gelflings‚ is sent on a quest to repair the dark crystal insuring that Skeksis don’t rule their world forever. Upon his fulfillment of the prophecy the dark and light (good and evil) are united as one being. The Dark Crystal has many components that lead the audience
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take a melting point for reference) • add a boiling chip or boiling stick (otherwise‚ it may "bump" and spill) • use a minimum amount of hot solvent (Add a bit‚ heat/swirl. Not dissolved? Add more!) NOTE: IF YOU USE TOO MUCH SOLVENT‚ YOU WILL GET NO CRYSTALS! 3) ONLY IF NEEDED: Decolorize • most pure compounds are white and give colorless solutions (looks like water) • to remove color (really trace contaminants)‚ add activated charcoal (adsorbs the impurities) 4) ONLY IF NEEDED: Gravity filter to remove
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