Why Stuff Expands There is a reasonable explanation to the question of why water expands both when heated and cooled. Not only is the explanation reasonable‚ but the effects of this odd property have their own advantages and disadvantages as well. This process of expansion by cooling starts when the water temperature nears 4° C. The hydrogen atoms begin to line up into neat rows of six molecules‚ but the water retains the same density‚ except for the slight drop that is common with most matter
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more soluble at higher temperatures". 1 Crystallization is a delicate procedure that involves the slow formation of a crystalline solid. Rapid formation of an amorphorous solid is called precipitation‚ which can contain many impurities. "The purest crystals are obtained when crystallization occurs slowly from an undisturbed solution".2 In general‚ crystallization is the easiest process to purify a solid substance to an acceptable quality for basic laboratory work. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION The experimental
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Lab 12: Reduction of an Aldehyde to a Primary Alcohol by Use of NaBH4Purpose(i)To select an appropriate solvent system. (ii)To synthesize alcohol from aldehyde by NaBH4 reduction. (iii)To identify the aldehyde isomer based on the melting point of the alcohol produced. Procedure(Please refer to the detailed instructions on lab 12 handout)Physical Quantity TableType of substanceMolecular FormulaMolecular Weight (g/mol)Density(g/cm3)Melting Point(oC)Boiling Point(oC)HazardO-vanillinC8H8O3152.15-42
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How to Grow Alum Crystals Background Information A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material‚ whose constituent atoms‚ molecules‚ or ions are arranged in an orderly repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. The scientific study of crystals and crystal formation is crystallography. The process of crystal formation via mechanisms of crystal growth is called crystallization or solidification. Potassium alum (Aluminum Potassium Sulfate) is the white crystalline natural
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crystallized in a total of twelve differing environments. The amount of two different solutes‚ NaCl and polyethylene glycol (PEG)‚ were adjusted in the environments and the resulting crystals were examined. It was found that increasing amounts of a solute and protein will encourage high amounts of smaller sized crystals. Introduction: The process to determine a protein’s structure starts with the purification of the desired protein. A protein must be placed in an environment with specific conditions
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as sugar cubes or crystals‚ the temperature of the water‚ and the concentration of the solution. Learning that these factors contribute to the rate of dissolving a solute‚ I hypothesize that the increase in water temperature will decrease the dissolving time of the sugar cube and sugar crystal. For this experiment the temperature of the water represents the independent variable. The dependent variable is represented by the dissolving time of the sugar cube and sugar crystal. The amounts of water
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Piezoelectric crystals are one of many small scale energy sources. Whenever piezoelectric crystals are mechanically deformed or subject to vibration they generate a small voltage‚ commonly know as piezoelectricity. This form of renewable energy is not ideally suited to an industrial situation. The ability of certain crystals to generate Piezoelectricity in response to applied mechanical stress is reversible in that piezoelectric crystals‚ when subjected to an externally applied voltage‚ can change
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2.82 g hydrated crystal (CuSO4*5H2O) * Evaporating dish * Bunsen burner * Electronic balance * Metal tongs * Ring stand Procedure: 1) Determine the mass of evaporating dish and watch glass. 2) Add between 2 and 3 grams of the hydrated crystal to the evaporating dish. 3) Determine the mass of the dish and crystal. 4) Heat the substance until it turns white. 5) Let the dish cool. 6) Determine the mass of the dish and anhydrous crystal. 7) Clean up
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Isn’t Worth Messing With” Daly‚ Melissa. "Meth: Isn’t Worth Messing With." Current Health 2 35.1 (2008): 26-29. Health Source - Consumer Edition. Web. 28 May 2014. "I didn’t think it was a big deal‚" says Jose‚ now 17‚ of his first time trying crystal meth. When Jose was 13‚ a girlfriend offered him some‚ saying it would give him a good rush. He figured‚ why not — it would just be a one-time thing. "I’d smoked marijuana before‚ but I didn’t know how to deal with this high‚" says Jose‚ from California
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Crystal Reports |Crystal Reports is the standard reporting tool for Visual Studio .NET used to display data of presentation quality. You can display | | |multiple-level totals‚ charts to analyze data‚ and much more in Crystal Reports. Creating a Crystal Report requires minimal coding since it| | |is created in Designer interface. It is available as an integrated feature of Microsoft Visual Studio .NET. | | With Crystal Reports for Visual Basic.NET‚ you
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