Acs and Audretsch‚ (1988))‚ but this research has either not distinguished between minor and major innovations or has used aggregated data and a limited set of variables to explore the impact of firm specific effects on productivity. This failure to integrate theories of firm capability into empirical studies of the impact of technological innovation may result from the fact that these types of explanations yield qualitatively similar predications to the class of explanations that focuses on
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Architecturai Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technologies and the Failure of Established Firms Rebecca M. Henderson Massachusetts Institute of Technology Kim B. Clark Harvard University This paper demonstrates that the traditional categorization of innovation as either incremental or radical is incomplete and potentially misleading and does not account for the sometimes disastrous effects on industry incumbents of seemingly minor improvements in technological products. We examine
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Radical and incremental innovations have long been the cornerstone of which firms base their knowledge and methods of technological innovation. However‚ this paper serves to bring attention to one of the less apparent forms of innovation‚ whose importance is increasingly being brought to light. Architectural innovations are‚ as defined by Henderson and Clark‚ "innovations that change the way in which the components of a product are linked together‚ while leaving the core design concepts (and thus
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renowned academics. Their article‚ “Architectural Innovation”. despite having been written decades ago‚ has made itself more relevant in the digital age where architectural innovation is highly valued and sought after due to the significant profits it can bring. One such architectural innovation‚ the IPOD‚ easily claimed the largest market share in the MP3 player market upon its release (Dalrymple‚ 2007). Because of the world changing impact an architectural innovation is able to have‚ it is just as
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victim to architectural innovation‚ with reasons such as rigid communication channels and information filter system. However‚ I believe that this phenomenon can also be evaluated from a broader perspective‚ depending on the circumstances in the industry and the position of a firm. For leading firms‚ they will have a greater propensity to engage in incremental innovation. Firstly‚ with an already established proven design‚ it is less efficient for firms to focus on the other forms of innovation. Radical
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The paper introduces the category of “architectural innovation” on the basis that seemingly minor changes to technology which may earlier be classified as an incremental innovation can have competitive consequences of a radical one. The key concept is the distinction between component knowledge and architectural knowledge. The paper argues that firms concentrate on refining components within a stable architecture established by a dominant design‚ and consequently‚ their “information-processing capabilities”
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idea to make it the best solution to a problem. Even though engineer ’s goals are similar‚ there are many different things that engineers do within their selected field of engineering. This paper will focus on the architectural field of engineering. Like all engineers‚ architectural engineers apply the theories and principles of science and mathematics to research and develop economical solutions to technical problems. Their work is the link between scientific discoveries and commercial applications
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BAÜ FBE Dergisi Cilt:9‚ Sayı:1‚ 3-18 Temmuz 2007 Type and typology in architectural discourse Yasemin Đ. GÜNEY* Balıkesir University Faculty of Architecture and Engineering‚ Department of Architecture Çağış BALIKESĐR Abstract Typology is the comparative study of physical or other characteristics of the built environment into distinct types. In this paper‚ the historical transformation of type and typology concepts since the Enlightenment has been examined in three developing stages based
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Architectural Programming Introduction Architectural programming began when architecture began. Structures have always been based on programs: decisions were made‚ something was designed‚ built and occupied. In a way‚ archaeologists excavate buildings to try to determine their programs. Today‚ we define architectural programming as the research and decision-making process that identifies the scope of work to be designed. Synonyms include "facility programming‚" "functional and operational requirements
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C. Architectural Reuse People are happiest in buildings where change occurs at every scale from weeks to centuries. Such buildings are fractals in time. —Stewart Brand Architectural reuse processes include adaptive reuse‚ conservative disassembly‚ and reusing salvaged materials. This definition is broad and inclusive permitting many different interpretations; however‚ the underlying objective is that architectural reuse be understood as an evolutionary process occurring over time. Figure 29:
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