solution. Due to symmetry‚ each of the firms is producing 12.1.3 Cournot solution. Firstly‚ treat Shell’s quantity as given: (12.) For Caltex to maximize its profit‚ the FOC requires: (12.) Secondly‚ treat Caltex’s quantity as given: For Shell to maximize its profit‚ the FOC requires: (12.) The Cournot-Nash equilibrium is given as: Market output ‚ market price ‚ and firms’ profits are: 12.1.4 Bertrand solution. 12.1.5 Stackelberg solution. Suppose Caltex moves first
Free Economics Profit
reduced the price of PS3 in July 2007 and even though it was still higher than the Xbox 360‚ Microsoft entered the Bertrand competition being a Baumol type player. The action-reaction sequence continued for 3 iterations and then both the companies switched to Cournot competition revealing their shipments and enticing new customers by releasing new and exciting games. Thus‚ once again the Bertrand competition ended when Nash equilibrium was reached at price
Premium Management Strategic management Organization
representative consumer buying a homogeneous good. For example‚ think of the standard Bertrand and Cournot models of oligopoly. Consumers only care about the prices in the market and decide how much of a good to buy and from which firm in order to maximize their utility (given a budget constraint). We know that price competition is fiercer than quantity competition and this result is described by the so called Bertrand Paradox (i.e. in an oligopolistic market for homogeneous goods price competition leads
Premium Economics Marketing Competition
TOPIC 1: MARKET STRUCTURE AND MARKET POWER 1.1. Competitors Anyone that produces a substitute for a firm’s product. - Cross price elasticity: Measures the substitution degree of a product for another. P.E.>1 – The demand is elastic‚ a change in price is reflected as an even major change in demand. The extent of the variation is higher as higher is the substitution degree of a product for another. We can say two firms are competing when a price increase by one firm‚ drives its customers to the other
Premium Pricing Supply and demand Monopoly
INTRODUZIONE Le TEORIE DELL’OLIGOPOLIO studiano settori in cui si verificano situazioni intermedie tra le due forme di mercato “pure”‚ CONCORRENZA PERFETTA e MONOPOLIO‚ la cui caratteristica comune‚ che nasce dalla competizione tra un numero limitato di produttori‚ è l’influenza che le scelte di ciascuna impresa determinano sulle scelte delle altre modificandone i profitti; l’analisi in questione consiste quindi nell’attenta ricostruzione dell’interazione che si determina fra tutte le imprese
Premium
Microeconomics Homework Problem 1: C(Q) = 100 + 20Q + 15Q^2 + 10Q^3 a) Fixed Cost (doesn’t change depending on output produced) = 100 b) Variable Cost of producing Q = 10 units: 20*10 + 15*10^2 + 10*10^3 = 200 + 1‚500 + 10‚000 = 11‚700 c) Total Cost of producing Q = 10 units: C(10) = 100 + 20*10 + 15*10^2 + 10*10^3 = 11‚800 Alternatively‚ we have Total Costs of Producing Q=10 units = Fixed Costs + Variable Costs of producing Q = 10 units = 100 + 11‚700 = 11‚800 d)
Premium Costs Marginal cost Variable cost
Oligopolistic competition * Characteristics of Oligopoly * Similarities & Differences between Monopoly & Oligopoly * Effects of Oligopolistic Competition * Models Defining Oligopoly * Dominant Firm Model * Cournot – nash Model * Bertrand Model * Kinked Demand Curve * Game Theory * Price and Non – Price Competition * Price Leadership * Worldwide examples of Oligopoly * Australia * Canada * United Kingdom * United States * Others
Premium
Practice Problem Sets Industrial Organization Oz Shy General Instructions for Students 1. The problem sets given in this handout are taken from old exams. 2. Exercises should NOT submitted (they will not be graded). However‚ 3. The best‚ and perhaps the only‚ way to ensure that you understand the material taught in class is to solve these exercises under “exam conditions” and only then check the proposed solution. 4. Solutions to all problems can be downloaded as a separate file. 5. Another
Premium Game theory Supply and demand Nash equilibrium
oligopoly : 2. Differentiated products 3. Relatively high barriers to entry 4. Strategic behavior • • is used to study strategic behavior 5. Many models to describe oligopoly • Kinked demand curve • Duopoly : Cournot‚ Stakleberg‚ Bertrand • Price leadership (II) STRATEGIC BEHAVIOR (1) Collusive agreements and Cartels Collusive agreements is defined as an agreement between two or more producers to restrict output in order to raise prices and profits Cartel is
Premium Supply and demand Price elasticity of demand United Arab Emirates
MBA Programme 2007 Period 1 – Jan/Feb PRICES AND MARKETS Core Course PUSHAN DUTT Date: 5th March‚ 2007 Time: 9am – 12noon Duration of the exam: 3 hours Closed-book exam (two A4 sheets allowed). You may NOT use a computer or a PDA Your answers must be in English Write all answers in a separate booklet‚ not on this question paper. At the end of the exam you can find blank pages as “scratch paper” for calculations. This exam is worth 200 points (you get an endowment of 5 points for showing up)
Premium Supply and demand Cost Marginal cost