give examples of each of the three basic manufacturing cost categories. 1-1 Classifications of Manufacturing Costs Direct Materials Direct Labor Manufacturing Overhead The Product 1-2 1-2 Direct Materials Raw materials that become an integral part of the product and that can be conveniently traced directly to it. Example: A radio installed in an automobile 1-3 Direct Labor Those labor costs that can be easily traced to individual units of product. Example: Wages paid to automobile assembly
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3.0 Variance Analysis 3.1 Flexible-Budget Variance Analysis In Barnes Scuba Diving case‚ the main comparison for the flexible-budget variance analysis would be between the actual results and flexible budget. Static budget would not be useful for this comparison due to the different sales unit output which may result in a misleading and inaccurate result comparison. With reference to the Flexible Budget Section attached in Annex X‚ Flexible-Budget Variance for Revenues was identified to be a favourable
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11 Allocation of Joint Costs and Accounting for By-Product/Scrap Objectives After completing this chapter‚ you should be able to answer the following questions: LO.1 LO.2 LO.3 LO.4 LO.5 How are the outputs of a joint process classified? What management decisions must be made before beginning a joint process? How is the joint cost of production allocated to joint products? How are by-product and scrap accounted for? How should not-for-profit organizations account for the cost of a joint activity?
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Generally‚ the term cost of production refers to the ‘money expenses’ incurred in the production of a commodity. But money expenses are not the only expenses incurred on the production of a commodity. There are number of services and inputs such as entrepreneurship‚ land‚ capital etc.‚ which are offered by an entrepreneur without changing any price or receiving any payment for them. While computing the total cost of production‚ allowance should be made for such expenses. It is therefore essential
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following data have been recorded for recently completed Job 501 on its job cost sheet. Direct materials cost was $3‚067. A total of 30 direct labor-hours and 104 machine-hours were worked on the job. The direct labor wage rate is $12 per labor-hour. The company applies manufacturing overhead on the basis of machinehours. The predetermined overhead rate is $11 per machine-hour. The total cost for the job on its job cost sheet would be: A. $4‚571 B. $3‚757 C. $3‚090 D. $3‚427 Applied manufacturing
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dispersed to various units within the organisation‚ with managers at various levels making key decisions relating to their centre of responsibility. These centres of organisational activity are known as responsibility centres and may be defined ‘as a unit of a firm where an individual manager is held responsible for the unit’s performance.’1 The performance of each centre and its manager is measured and controlled through a system of responsibility accounting which is based on the principles of
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ICo5 1542’’BUILDING COST INFORMATION CENTRE ELEMENTAL COST ANALYSIS - Form 1 F-Educational‚ Cultural‚ Scientific Buildings JOB TITLE LOCATION I IA-3-2125 CLIENT: TENDER DATE: Cadangan Membina Bangunan 3 Tingkat Pusat Asuhan Kanak-Kanak & Tadika Mukim Setapak‚ Kuala Lumpur Private 12 April 1999 INFORMATION ON TOTAL PROJECT Project and Contract information Project Details and Site Condition: Contract: The Project comprises the construction and completion of one
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Production Cost Analysis: Economic Analysis as a tool for Process Development: Harvest of a High Cell-Density Fermentation For the biotech industry to be profitable‚ it must consider economics along with process recovery‚ purity‚ and product quality. The number of biotechnology-based human therapeutic products in the late-stage pipeline‚ and the average cost to commercialize a biotech product‚ have steadily increased.1‚2 This has required biotech companies to use economic analysis as a tool
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Cost management | Wilkerson Company Case | | 1. What is the competitive situation faced by Wilkerson? The competitive situation faced by Wilkerson is quite severe. Price cutting in its main product has led to a huge drop in profit. While price increase in another product line partially made up the loss. We will discuss the detailed situation line by line. (1) Valves It was the first product line developed by Wilkerson and its high quality brought it a loyal customer base. Even
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Transaction Cost Analysis as Framework According to TCA‚ a transaction is the transfer of goods or a service and the analysis of transactions emphasizes on achieving efficiency in their administration (Rindfleisch & Heide 1997). Firm is a particular form of organization for administering transactions between one party and another and is characterized as a managerial hierarchy. In contrast‚ market governance is characterized as transaction taking place without managerial oversight. Firms exist
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