DATE: 23 May 2013 Title ‘INVESTIGATING TRANSPORT PRICING IN SOUTH AFRICA AND THE IMPACT ON FREIGHT TRANSPORT COSTS ‘ BY BRIAN K CHIKWAVA. 1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY It has been widely viewed‚ documented and believed that South African transport policy and transport plans focus almost entirely on passenger transport rather than on freight transport‚ yet Freight transport plays a very crucial role in the whole transport pricing‚ and the economy as a whole. A number of studies‚ including
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Structure Setting and Adjustment | Definition | A pay structure is a collection of pay rates or pay ranges.Structure setting and adjustment is the process of developing‚ adjusting‚ and maintaining a pay structure. | Purpose | Pay structures are used to help organizations: * maintain pay levels that are competitive with the external labor market‚ * maintain internal pay relationships among jobs‚ * recognize and reward differences in level of responsibility‚ skill‚ and performance‚ and
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Part IV. The global marketing mix 2. Global pricing strategy 1 Cheap and cheaper… 2 Expensive and more expensive… 3 1. Basic pricing concepts Introduction Price: the amount charged to customers/consumers in exchange for goods or services Market price: the price that prevails in the market for a particular good at a specific time 3 key elements of market price: supply‚ demand and time Eg: hotel prices – peak season during summer – higher prices driven by the demand (more
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Marketing Mix Paper – Price Pricing is the amount of money that customers are willing to pay a business for a good or service. There are a lot of contributing factors that businesses must take into consideration when it comes to effectively setting a price for a good or service. It includes direct and indirect cost as well as opportunity cost. Pricing is one of the most important elements of the marketing mix. It is the only one of the components that generate revenue‚ while promotion‚ place
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Selecting a Pricing Method 3 major considerations in price setting : costs of production‚ distribution‚ communication set a floor to the price competitors’ prices and the price of substitutes provide an orienting point customers’ assessment of unique features establishes the price ceiling (plafond) Companies select a pricing method that includes 1 or more of these three considerations. We will examine 6 price-setting methods: Mark-up pricing‚ target-return pricing‚ perceived-value
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257–260‚ 2002 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Printed in Great Britain 0160-7383/01/$22.00 Push and Pull Relationships Seong-Seop Kim Sejong University‚ South Korea Choong-Ki Lee Dongguk University‚ South Korea Uysal and Jurowski (1994) found that there is a relationship between push and pull factors. Dann (1977) referred to motivational influences on an individual as push factors. These are psychological needs which play a significant role in causing a person to feel a disequilibrium
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Course: Eths 302 PUSH AND PULL FACTORS OF IMMIGRATION “Push and pull factors are those factors which either forcefully push people into migration or attract them” (1). Migration Pull factors are the factors that encourage a person to move from their native country to another country of residence. Some reasons for people to migrate to another country are; that they have better chances of attaining employment‚ better education opportunities and a better quality or standard
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Pricing Strategy Today’s highly competitive business world forces companies to create different tactics and relatively rely on multiple pricing strategies to conduct business. As is known‚ pricing is one of the most important steps for business plan which needs good research‚ calculations and formulations. There are different pricing strategies to put into effect due to the market and product conditions‚ such as premium pricing‚ penetration pricing‚ economy pricing‚ price skimming(Voice
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business terms push and pull originated in the logistic and supply chain management‚[2] but are also widely used in marketing.[3][4] A push-pull-system in business describes the movement of a product or information between two subjects. On markets the consumers usually "pulls" the goods or information they demand for their needs‚ while the offerers or suppliers "pushes" them toward the consumers. In logistic chains or supply chains the stages are operating normally both in push- and pull-manner
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More notes about domestic TP There are no cash flows associated with transfer pricing. In a decentralized firm‚ transfer prices generally play two important roles: 1. Allocate profits between different tax jurisdictions for taxation purposes 2. Coordinate economic activity within the firm Firms can choose to use different transfer prices for taxes and financial/internal reporting. The use of transfer prices allows central management to generate individual profit figures for different divisions
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