different quality material from standard; Buying materials from a non‑usual source due to urgency; Utilising different labour from standard; Price changes due to economic conditions; scarcity of supplies; Choosing to incur additional discretionary fixed costs; More (or less) overtime hours used than budgeted. 2. Efficiency/usage/quantity variances: Standard is out of date‚ set without due care; Inefficient use of material/labour‚ deliberate or otherwise; Poor supervision/equipment/maintenance.Changes in
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Levels of Leadership: Proven Steps to Maximize Your Potential By John C. Maxwell A Study Guide for Leaders in the Church By Judi King In his book‚ The 5 Levels of Leadership‚ John C. Maxwell presents a model of leadership developed through more than 30 years of experience in leadership positions. Maxwell’s journey has given him insights into what effective leadership looks like‚ and this book examines what he identifies as five types of leadership experience. In order for leadership to be
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Are you a leader‚ born or cultivated or both? How do you characterize your leadership traits based on the leadership profiles presented by Narayana Murthy and Rahul Khosla? Ans. For centuries there has been a debate about whether leaders must be born into their leadership capacities or whether leadership can be developed in all of us. Our beliefs about how people become leaders affect how we evaluate people’s leadership potential. Believing people are born leaders is likely to result in a focus
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Cost Classifications and Estimation 2.0 Introduction Cost classification may be defined as ‘the arrangement of cost items in a logical sequence having regard to their nature and purpose to be fulfilled’. The term cost must be qualified when in use in order that its precise meaning is established in a particular situation; however‚ cost refers to the amount of resources that have been diverted from other uses or sacrificed so as to achieve the desired objective. But the term is used to refer to
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Assignment LEADERSHIP MUHAMMAD AKBAR SHAHBAZ Reg. No 1034-112001 MBA Project Management 3rd Quarter Summer 2012 PRESTON UNIVERSITY ISLAM ABAD ASSIGNMENT LEADERSHIP PRESTON UNIVERSITY EMBA/MBA Program DISTANCE LEARNING ASSIGNMENT LEADERSHIP Quarter: Summer 2012 Deadline for Submission of Assignment: August 11‚ 2012 Attempt all questions given below. Your answers should not be copied‚ word-for-word‚ from the textbook. You may use the terms‚ concepts‚ examples from the textbook
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Module: 1 Road Map Meaning‚ definition of leadership Trait theory of leadership Behavioral theories Contingency theories 11–2 What Is Leadership? 11–3 Leadership Theories Theories Traditional Theories (1) Behavioral Theories (3) Modern Theories (2) Contingency/Situational theories (4) 11–4 Traditional & Behavioral theories Theories Traditional Trait Theory Refer Robbins for details of each points Behavioral
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UNIT 31 LEADERSHIP Structure 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.5 Objectives Introduction Meaning of Leadership Leadership Theories Leadership Qualities Functions of Leaders 31.5.1 Leaders as Executive 3 1 S.2 Leaders as Teacher 31.6 31.7 3 1.8 31.9 31.10 3 1.1 1 31.12 Techniques of Leadership Styles of Leadership Hazards of Leadership Let Us Sum Up Key Words Some Useful Books Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises After studying this unit you should be able to:
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Microeconomics Topic 6: “Be able to explain and calculate average and marginal cost to make production decisions.” Reference: Gregory Mankiw’s Principles of Microeconomics‚ 2nd edition‚ Chapter 13. Long-Run versus Short-Run In order to understand average cost and marginal cost‚ it is first necessary to understand the distinction between the “long run” and the “short run.” Short run: a period of time during which one or more of a firm’s inputs cannot be changed. Long run: a period of time during which
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Unilever’s Approach to Leadership The fundamental approach to leadership at Unilever has been evolving in the last twenty years from traditional leadership development systems to the current sophisticated Standards of Leadership model‚ and it continues to evolve. During this evolution in the early 2000s‚ Leadership Growth Profile (LGP) emerged as the most important stage in bridging corporate growth strategy (Path to Growth) and leadership competencies.Unilever‘s Path to Growth integrated strategy
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Leadership for leaders “Informed‚ thoughtful and practical… a very fine achievement.” Yury Boshyk‚ formerly Professor at IMI Geneva and IMD Lausanne Michael Williams Blank page LEADERSHIP FOR LEADERS Michael Williams Thorogood Publishing Limited 10-12 Rivington Street London EC2A 3DU Telephone: 020 7749 4748 Fax: 020 7729 6110 Email: info@thorogood.ws Web: www.thorogood.ws Books Network International Inc 3 Front Street‚ Suite 331 Rollinsford‚ NH 30869‚ USA Telephone:
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