Chapter 1 Basic Cost Concepts Learning Objectives • To understand the meaning of different costing terms to understand different costing methods • To have a basic idea of different costing techniques • To understand the meaning of cost sheet In order to determine and take a dispassionate view about what lies beneath the surface of accounting figures‚ a financial analyst has to make use of different management accounting techniques. Cost techniques have a precedence over the other
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Economic Cost of “Power Outages” By Dr. Aisha Ghaus-Pasha Table of Contents Page No. 1. Causes of Power Outages 1 2. Quantifying Outage Costs 2 3. Incidence of Outages 4 4. Pattern of Direct Costs 5 5. Types of Adjustments to Outages 5 6. Extent of Recovery of Output 6 7. Total Outage Costs to the Industrial Sector 6 8. National Costs of Load Shedding 7 9. Policy Implications 9 9.1. Investment in Power Sector 9 9.2. Load Management
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give a brief history of the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR). We will also address reasons as to why the article is important to the Criminal Justice field. Little Information about Uniform Crime Report (UCR) System The Uniform Crime Report (UCR) is a well-known crime reporting system throughout the public safety‚ law enforcement‚ and other criminal justice field. Uniform Crime Report (UCR) is a system that was introduced and use by the FBI since 1930. The system is used to collects figures on seven offenses
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of people. Before this innovation to travel overland by stagecoach cost one thousand dollars and took five to six months. The railroads made it possible to travel for only 5 days with a fee of one hundred and fifty dollars for a first-class sleeper. The iron‚ coal‚ steel‚ lumber and glass industries grew rapidly just because of the their constant need to keep up with the railroad needs. The growth of Industry also helped benefit and industrialize the Country immensely. Industry Entrepreneurs such
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Sunk Cost-cost that has already been incurred and cannot be avoided no matter what a manager decides to do. A business segment should only be dropped if a company can avoid more in fixed costs than it loses in: contribution margin Which of the following techniques describe how a bottleneck should be managed: Find ways to increase the capacity of the bottleneck‚ ensure there is minimal lost time at the bottleneck due to breakdowns and set-ups‚ focus business process improvement efforts on the bottleneck
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Cost of Quality (COQ) "The cost of quality." It’s a term that’s widely used – and widely misunderstood. The "cost of quality" isn’t the price of creating a quality product or service. It’s the cost of NOT creating a quality product or service. Every time work is redone‚ the cost of quality increases. Obvious examples include: The reworking of a manufactured item. The retesting of an assembly. The rebuilding of a tool. The correction of a bank statement. The reworking of a service‚ such as
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Opportunity Cost Scarcity of resources is one of the more basic concepts of economics. Scarcity necessitates trade-offs‚ and trade-offs result in an opportunity cost. While the cost of a good or service often is thought of in monetary terms‚ the opportunity cost of a decision is based on what must be given up (the next best alternative) as a result of the decision. Any decision that involves a choice between two or more options has an opportunity cost. Opportunity cost contrasts to accounting cost in
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Vacation pay affects your payroll processing. This is true of almost any jurisdiction you operate in‚ including different states and provinces‚ and even different countries. In Canada‚ the provinces have final say over how vacation pay is to be tabulated and disbursed to employees. Quebec‚ for example‚ has some unique rules about how much vacation time employees are entitled to and how much pay they receive. Ontario’s rules are different‚ as are BC’s and Alberta’s. What about Saskatchewan? Vacation
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This essay will discuss the comparative benefits and costs of two forms of reproductions; parthenogenesis and sexual reproduction. To narrow the scope of the piece‚ the area of parthenogenesis is going to be largely limited to organisms that are obligately parthenogenetic. Parthenogenesis is the “production of an embryo from a female gamete without any genetic contribution from a male gamete” (Mittwoch‚ 1978). Sexual reproduction is the process of cross-fertilisation in which the genomes of two parents
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healthcare system. Why is healthcare so expensive in the United States? Unlike in the majority of developed and developing countries‚ the healthcare system in the United States is not public‚ meaning that the state does not provide free or cheap healthcare services. In this essay‚ I will point out 5 main reasons why our health is so expensive. Administrative Costs The number one reason our healthcare costs are so high‚ says Harvard economist David Cutler‚ is that “the administrative costs of running
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