on the airstream mechanisms involved in Phonetics‚ which is the study of sound and speech production in human language. The word ‘airstream’ refers to a current of air; specifically ‘airflow’. The method by which airflow is created in the vocal tract is called airstream mechanism. Encyclopedia Britanica Dictionary (2010). The organ that generates the airstream is called the initiator and the production of airflow is called initiation. There are three initiators which are used in spoken human
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Voiding phase: Distention of urinary bladder Sensory stretch receptors in the bladder wall become stimulated Afferent impulse from these receptors goes to the spinal cord mainly S2-S4 segments Afferent impulse ascend through ipsilateral tract of Gall (F. gracilis) Internal arcuate fibers Medial lamniscus Thalamus Internal capsule & corona radiate Post-central gyrus of cerebral cortex Prefrontal cortex Hypothalamus Insular cortex Basal ganglia Thalamus Cerebellum
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on the guts biome and also its physiology. The gut flora has been described as a hidden organ that plays a crucial part in maintaining health. This makes maintaining hemostasis inside and out of the gastrointestinal tract vitally important. The epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract is of great importance because it provides a physical barrier‚ it decontaminates or eliminates detrimental intestinal substances‚ and it ensures the mucosal immune response. If there is any disturbance of the flora then
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This nerve fibres synapse with the mitral cells forming collection called glomeruli and from it 2nd order nerves then pass posteriorly into olfactory tract. The olfactory tract runs inferiorly to frontal lobe and as tract reaches anterior perforated substances it divides into medial (carry axon across the medialplane of anterior commisure ) and lateral stria ( carries axon to olfactory area of cortex ) PALSY : Anosmia is defined as
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as in the tunica media layer of large (aorta) and small arteries‚ arterioles and veins. Smooth muscle is also found in lymphatic vessels‚ the urinary bladder‚ uterus (termed uterine smooth muscle)‚ male and female reproductive tracts‚ gastrointestinal tract‚ respiratory tract FUNCTION . Skeletal Muscles Create Movement Skeletal Muscles Protect Organs Cardiac Muscle Pumps Blood Smooth Muscle Aids Digestion Smooth Muscle Ensures Blood Flow Components * There are three parts to the muscular
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other factors to control the choice of alternative splicing. In the next portion of the experiment‚ polypyrimidine tract binding protein mutants were utilized to determine whether ATPTB1 or ATPTB2 are a factor that can regulate splicing of the mini-exon. The study showed that both ATPTB1 and ATPTB2 reduced the amount of mini exon splicing. Also‚ the CU1 sequence and the polypyrimidine tract of the mini exon reporter was repressed as well. These results suggest that the PTB in plants prefers CU rich sequences
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Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity Mechanisms of Pathogenicity • Pathogenicity: • Virulence: Mechanisms of Pathogenicity Figure 15.9 Portals of Entry • Mucous membranes • Skin • Parenteral route Numbers of Invading Microbes • ID50: Infectious dose for 50% of the test population (animals) • Dose of pathogen that will infect half of the test animals • LD50: Lethal dose (of a toxin) for 50% of the test population (animals) • Dose of toxin that will kill half of the test
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HUN 4446 Exam 2 Study Guide Lactose Mal Digestion/ Malabsorption 1. What are the products of lactose digestion? -The products of lactose digestion are glucose and galactose. 2. What is lactase deficiency? -Lactase deficiency is a deficiency in the enzyme that breaks down lactose. The causes of lactase deficiency include congenital defects‚ secondary lactase deficiency‚ and primary (acquired). 3. Define lactose maldigestion‚ identify the potential etiologies of lactose maldigestion‚ and describe
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Probiotics are live microorganisms which are believed to provide health benefits when consumed. The term probiotics meaning ‘for life’ (pro= ‘for’ or ‘in support’‚ biotic= ‘life’) is derived from Latin & Greek language. The term was first used by Lilly and Stillwell in 1965 to describe “substances secreted by one microorganism which stimulates the growth of another microorganism” i.e. which is exactly opposite of ‘antibiotics’‚ later in 1971 Sperti used the term probiotics to describe “tissue extracts
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Microbiology is involved in many aspects of human daily life. The food eaten to the showerheads in the bathroom contain thousands of microbes. Microbiology is evident in our lives and it is reported through various media. News reports have articles about microbes just like a recent article from Times Magazine titled Overcoming Obesity by Alex Park. Park featured article is about the problem of obesity in America and how different scientists are thinking of new manners to combat this epidemic
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