Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow‚ Corporate Finance‚ and Takeovers Michael C. Jensen Harvard Business School MJensen@hbs.edu Abstract The interests and incentives of managers and shareholders conflict over such issues as the optimal size of the firm and the payment of cash to shareholders. These conflicts are especially severe in firms with large free cash flows—more cash than profitable investment opportunities. The theory developed here explains 1) the benefits of debt in reducing agency
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Case Study: Cost Justified Managers face many challenges in the day to Day operations of their business. Often times some of the greatest challenges come from within their own ranks‚ as superior managers use their position and influence to coerce one to make decisions or commit acts that are sometimes on the boundaries of the law and often cross the ethical line. In the case of “Cost Justified‚” we are introduced to Joe‚ the District
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Summer2011-Microeconomics-Exam Two Practice 1. To calculate the total utility of consuming N products: A. add the additional satisfaction of consuming each product up to N and multiply by its price. B. add the total satisfactions of consuming each product up to N. C. multiply the additional satisfaction from consuming the Nth product by its price. D. multiply total satisfaction from consuming N products by N. 2. Suppose that the following table lists the utility that Steve receives from
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Running Head: PROMOTION Promotional Decisions in Marketing Nadine Mwihaki Maina 08smc119 Principles of Marketing BCM208 Mr. Kiarie TABLE OF CONTENT 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Definition of promotion 1.2 Reasons for promotion 1.3 Elements of Promotion 1.4 Promotion Strategy 2. ADVERTISING 2.1. Definition of advertising 2.2. Tools used in advertising(Seven steps of advertising) 2.3. Types of advertising 2.4. Reasons for advertising 3. PUBLIC RELATIONS 3.1. Definition of public relations 3.2. How public
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Cost Benefit Analysis What is cost benefit analysis? Cost benefit analysis (COBA) is a technique for assessing the monetary social costs and benefits of a capital investment project over a given time period. The principles of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) are simple: 1. Appraisal of a project: It is an economic technique for project appraisal‚ widely used in business as well as government spending projects (for example should a business invest in a new information system) 2. Incorporates
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Cost Behavior Cost behavior is term for describing whether a cost changes when the level of output changes. The cost can vary proportionately with the changes in the level of activity or unaffected by changes in the level of activity. Costs can be variable‚ fixed‚ or mixed. A cost that does not change in total as output changes is a fixed cost. A variable cost‚ on the other hand‚ increases in total with an increase in output and decreases in total with a decrease in output. Understanding how costs
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CASE NO. 1: STIRLING HOMEX CORPORATION POINT OF VIEW: The Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of Stirling Homex Corporation (SHC) as he/she will be the one to be of best knowledge to analyze the financial statements of SHC. He/she will also have the authority to make decisions/recommendations and influence the CEO in making management decisions. CASE CONTEXT: In the late 1960’s the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) launched the Operation Breakthrough‚ a project that aimed to “revolutionize”
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Cost Management and Analysis (22753) Energy Efficiency Initiative Executive summary Introduction This report is an evaluation and recommendation for CSR about an investment in new forklifts in order to replace the100 old diesel forklifts (3.5 tonnes‚TCM) mainly used indoors at the group’s plants and distributions sites. There are three alternatives which best meets CSR’s needs; the gas‚ the electrical and the bio-diesel. The three alternatives in the capital expenditure proposal fall under
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Quiz 2 1) Cost-volume-profit analysis is used primarily by management: A) as a planning tool B) for control purposes C) to prepare external financial statements D) to attain accurate financial results Answer: A Diff: 1 Terms: cost-volume-profit (CVP) Objective: 1 AACSB: Communication 2) One of the first steps to take when using CVP analysis to help make decisions is: A) finding out where the total costs line intersects with the total revenues line on a graph. B) identifying which costs are variable
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assumptions Constraints VI VII Exercise 2: Location recommendation Exercise 3: Decision tree analysis TMMC production capacity recommendation Limitations Past performance: RX 330/350 VIII Exercise 4: Current regional production strategy Assessment Change recommendations IX Summary Appendix A References Page 2 3 4 4 7 7 8 8 9 10 11 13 16 16 17 17 18 19 19 19 21 21 23 24 1 I. Executive Summary Toyota Motor Corporation is leading the way to future mobility through innovation‚ productivity‚ quality
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