does not have a FTA with India yet‚ still India stands second in terms of Pharmaceuticals exports to Ukraine‚ next to Germany. Ukraine has a DCFTA and Most Favoured Nation treatment with Germany. In our business‚ heart drugs exported from Germany or France can be a major competitor to our generic drug Atorvastatin. Future potential of Ukraine’s trade
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Coronary arteries supply the heart with a constant supply of blood. These arteries are essential‚ providing oxygen and nutrients that keep the heart constantly pumping. Arteries have three layers including the external layer‚ tunica external‚ middle layer‚ tunica media and the inner layer‚ called the tunica intima. The outer layer is made up of connective tissue with elastic and collagenous fibers. Tunica media is the thickest layer composed of smooth muscle and can change the diameter of the arteries
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stenosis 3 2 Mitral regurgitation 8 3 Mixed mitral valve disease 12 4 Aortic regurgitation 13 6 Mixed aortic valve lesion 23 7 Mixed mitral and aortic valve disease 24 8 Hypertension 27 9 Atrial fibrillation 31 10 Palpitations 35 11 Slow pulse rate 37 12 Gallop rhythm 39 13 Angina pectoris 41 14 Acute myocardial infarction 45 15 Jugular venous pulse 52 16 Congestive cardiac failure 54 17 Infective endocarditis 57 18 Prosthetic heart valves 61 19 Tricuspid regurgitation 64 20 Mitral valve
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Heart valve replacements are more common than most people think. In the United States it is said that over 99‚000 heart valve surgeries are performed yearly. The majority of the valve replacement surgeries are to replace or repair the mitral or aortic valve‚ since the left side of the heart works harder than the right. There are several types of valve disease‚ the two most common are valvular stenosis and valvular insufficiency. Valvular stenosis occurs when the opening of the valve is smaller
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your March problem set. Use your notes and books to answer the questions below. You are not to work in groups! 1. Explain the Tetralogy of Fallot and its major defects. Also explain how each defect may cause abnormal heart functions. A congenital malformation of the heart characterized by a defect in the ventricular septum‚ misplacement of the origin of the aorta‚ narrowing of the pulmonary artery‚ and enlargement of the right ventricle. 2. A child is born with severe craniofacial defects
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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a medical condition that encompasses various heart-related ailments such as acute myocardial ischemia‚ unstable angina‚ non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)‚ and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (Kumar & Cannon 2009). NSTEMI and STEMI begins with atherosclerosis which happens when a plaque known as atherosclerotic plaque is formed from years of cholesterol deposits within the artery wall. When this ruptures the platelets clump
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The Risks Of Percutaneous Coronary Angioplasty Percutaneous Coronary Angioplasty or PCA‚ is a procedure done to help blood flow toward the heart. This is usually done to people who have heart problems that are due to blockages like coronary heart disease. In coronary heart disease‚ people who have not been taking care of themselves before are likely to develop plaques from cholesterol and other substances found in the blood. When these plaques harden‚ the blood vessels are narrowed and blood
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PROBLEMS 1. Coronary _____ heart disease. _____(Plus) today’s test. _____(Plus) the angioplasty _____ in 1995. _____ the coronary bypass surgery is _____(single vessel) in _____(LA) then 7/1995. _____(Subset) see previous retrograded _____ are 45%. 2. History of retinal embolus. _____(So) today he is on Plavix‚ because of this problem. 3. Osteoarthritis involving both hips. 4. _____(BPH). The patient presents at this time _____(saying) he does well _____(with) his heart. He has not been very
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the pulmonary valve and in this case it is called valvular stenosis or just below that valve. In this second case it is referred to as infundibular stenosis. Infundibular pulmonic stenosis is mostly caused by overgrowth of the heart muscle wall or hypertrophy of the heart as is commonly known. Pulmonary stenosis is the major cause of the malformations‚ with the other associated malformations acting as compensatory mechanisms to the pulmonic stenosis. The degree of stenosis varies between individuals
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Coronary artery bypass surgery‚ also coronary artery bypass graft (CABG‚ pronounced "cabbage") surgery‚ and colloquially heart bypass orbypass surgery is a surgical procedure performed to relieve angina and reduce the risk of death from coronary artery disease. Arteries or veins from elsewhere in the patient ’s body are grafted to the coronary arteries to bypass atherosclerotic narrowings and improve the blood supply to the coronary circulation supplying the myocardium (heart muscle). This surgery
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