Chapter 26 Notes: Ottomans and Arabs Ottomans: Factors of Decline * Competition between elite * Weak rulers * Increasingly powerful Janissary corps * Increased competition from European merchants * Military challenges from the West * Ottomans vs. Russia (result: loss of Serbia‚ Greece‚ and most of Balkans) Survival * Played European rivals against each other * Selim III: reformed bureaucracy‚ new army and navy. Killed by janissaries in 1807 * Mahmud II: slaughtered
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Chapter 3 Study Guide I.Key Terms Sudanic societies: agriculture took root in Sudan first. The region used to be grassy with lakes‚ rivers‚ and streams. They domesticated cattle and became nomadic herders. After 7500 B.C.E they established permanent settlements. Around 5000 B.C.E Sudanic people had formed small monarchies and developed religious beliefs. “Gifts of the Nile”: Herodotus said Egypt was “the gift of the Nile” because of Egypt’s advantages over the floods from the Nile. With the floods
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Chapter 7 Terms Al-Mahdi- 775-785 CE‚ 3rd Abbasid caliph tried but failed to reconcile Shi’a to Abbasid rule and failed to resolve succession problem Harun al-Rashid- Great Abbasid ruler Harem- Buyids- 10th century Dynasty that invaded and captured Baghdad. Ruled Abbasid Empire under title of sultan and kept Abbasids as figureheads Seljuk Turks- Central Asian nomadic invaders. Sunnis who ruled in name of Abbasid caliphs from 11th century CE Crusades- Military adventures launched by western Christians
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Chapter 3 : Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations Explain the connections between climate‚ agriculture‚ and the Nile River in the development of Egypt and Nubia. Egypt referred to not the territory embraced by the modern state of Egypt‚ but to the ribbon of land bordering the lower third of the Nile between the Mediterranean and the river’s first cataract near Aswan. Cataracts are an unnavigable stretch of rapids and waterfalls. The Sahara became increasingly arid‚ cultivators flocked
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Chapter 19 I. The Ottoman Empire‚ to 1750 A. Expansion and Frontiers 1. Osman established the Ottoman Empire in northwestern Anatolia in 1300. He and his successors consolidated control over Anatolia‚ fought Christian enemies in Greece and in the Balkans‚ and captured Serbia and the Byzantine capital of Constantinople. 2. Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (r. 1520–1566) conquered Belgrade (1521) and Rhodes (1522) and laid siege to Vienna (1529)‚ but withdrew with the onset of winter. 3. The Ottoman
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Events/Important/key Dates • 7‚000~ 4‚000 BCE: Spread of agriculture through most of Middle east. • 5‚000 BCE: Farming along Nile River • 4‚000 BCE: Sumerians settle in Tigris- Euphrates valley • 4‚000 BCE: Sumerians (a people who had migrated into the area from the north) provided final boost toward establishing civilization • 4‚000 BCE: cumulative effects of agriculture & technology → civilization as a new organizational form (wheel‚ bronze use‚ and writing facilitated) • 3‚500 BCE: Writing
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Chapter 9 P192-211 Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe Introduction: BIG IDEAS DETAILS One: Two major Christian civilizations took shape- the orthodox Christian Byzantine & Catholicism in Central and West Europe- yet the remained mostly different Two: Expansion into areas never controlled before • Both new civilizations were impacted by Islam o They had Different principles • Byzantine places a higher stress on politics‚ economy‚ and cultural life (from
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Introduction -Nomadic invasions wasted much of the Muslim world w/ the sacking of Baghdad in 1258 • 3 new Muslim dynasties emerged after the nomadic invasions -New flowering of Islamic civilization; Competition(political divisions+military incursions -Largest-Ottoman from N Africa to S Russia; Safavid dynasty to the E; Mughals in Delhi region of Ganges plain -3 empires combined=largest Islamic political+military power ever -All 3 depended on firearms-“gunpowder empires” • Similarities
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John Locke: -born: August 29‚ 1632 -died: October 28‚ 1704 -Document: The Second Treatise of government -Summary: It identified the basis of a legitimate government. (ruler gains authority though consent of those governed; duty of government is to protect natural rights [life‚ liberty‚ & property]; citizens have right to overthrow the government if they fail to protect these rights) Thomas Hobbes: -life: 1588-1679 -Document: Leviathan -Summary: Argues that civil peace and unity are
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The lives of the workers living under Hitler’s rule have worsened. Before Hitler took control‚ many of the workers went on a revolt against years of unemployment‚ boredom of walking on the streets and a meager unemployment benefit. After Hitler took control‚ he spent a larger sum of money to reduce unemployment rate and this made the employment rate increase. They were given a fixed amount of income and the working conditions were poor. They lived in camps and had to wear military uniform. They were
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