There are many different theories on how people learn and over the years learning theories have dramatically changed. They have been superseded by newer theories based on psychological‚ social‚ cultural development factors‚ (Fritscher‚ 2011).In this paper I will be concentrating on five theories‚ three psychological and two social‚ they are; Behaviourism‚ Humanism‚ Constructivism‚ Lave and Wenger Communities of Practice‚ and Vygotsky’s learning theory. I have chosen these theories because I believe
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B.F. Skinner’s Contribution to Modern Psychology Ian K. Connelly Oklahoma State University B.F. Skinner’s Contribution to Modern Psychology As I began to study the history and beginning of psychology there was one man who stood out to me clearly as a powerful force of influence and contributor to the direction psychology has taken in its still very young life. What does it mean to be a major influential contributor to the science of psychology? This man shows us with his groundbreaking theories
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Skinner in the early 1930’s. Operant conditioning is usually done in a three step process. The first step is to identify a specific goal that will lead to a specific result. Secondly‚ the person must choose to use positive reinforcement‚ punishment‚ or negative reinforcement to try and reach the specific goal. Finally‚ the most effective stimulus must be used by finding out what a person likes or dislikes. The second example using the cigarette ad is a representation of the
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References: McInerney‚ D.M. & McInerney‚ V. (2010) Educational Psycholog: Constructing Learning‚ (5th Edition)‚ Sydney: Pearson “Positive reinforcement” 2007‚ Techniques: Connecting Education & Careers‚ vol. 82‚ no.4‚ pp. 1-3‚ viewed 16 June 2010‚ Rosenfeld M & Rosenfeld S‚ 2004‚ Developing Teacher Sensitivity to Individual Learning Differences‚ vol. 24 no. 4‚ pp. 465-486‚ viewed 17 June 2010
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my sister vomited. Blech. Bits of her post-masticated‚ pre-digested lunch ended up on the seat covers and unfortunately‚ me. Then my parents’ attention shifted from each other to my puke covered sister. Ah‚ the pity. Now with all the positive reinforcement of attention being showered upon her‚ a light bulb must’ve lit up in her head: if I vomit‚ they would all notice me. Since that incident‚ she has been vomiting more frequently than a normal toddler should. When I was playing with my toys and
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the pleasure of being fed is associated the mother. The next part of learning theory is Operant conditioning this is based on reward and punishment positive and negative reinforcement. If a child does something that we find cute then we give it more attention then it will learn to repeat this behaviour‚ this is positive reinforcement. A behaviour that stops something unpleasant will also be repeated for example if a child is crying because it is hungry and it I fed then the person feeding it has the
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What is learning? According to Hergenhahn and Olson (2005)‚ learning is defined as " a relatively permanent change in behavior or behavioral potentiality that comes from experience and cannot be attributed to temporary body states such as those induced by illness‚ fatigue‚ or drugs" (p. 8). The study of learning is important because it gives us a greater comprehension of how behavior is learned. By understanding the learning process we can manipulate the environment to encourage normal behavior that
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Philosophy of Behaviorism Tammie Williams Columbia College Abstract For hundreds of years there has been a fascination on how humans behave and how humans learn. This has been observed and studied by psychologists‚ educators‚ and scientists by means of humans and animals and how they perform in different environments. This fascination is known as behaviorism. This aspect of behaviorism deals with how a humans or animals respond to a certain stimuli and how a new behavior is then developed.
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CYP Core 3.1: 2.3 Explain how theories of development and framework to support development influence current practices. There have been many theories on how children develop and learn‚ some of the theorists who influence the educators of today on how to best teach children. Jean Piaget Cognitive Piaget studied the thinking and logic of children and he believed that children had different logic to adults. Piaget started his theory by observing and studying his own children and concluded
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motivator‚ and is even equated with reward systems by practicing managers‚ there is increasing evidence that contingently administered recognition can be a powerful reinforcer to increase employee performance. The purpose of this paper is to provide reinforcement and social cognitive theoretical explanations and research results on recognition‚ explore the moderators of the relationship with performance‚ present some specific guidelines for effective implementation‚ and review representative applications
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