Underlying Their Gang Involvement: A Comparative Study in Three Chinese Metropolitan Cities* Ngan-pun Ngai‚ Ph.D.‚ Chau-kiu Cheung‚ Ph.D. ABSTRACT Marginal youth tend to form stronger subcultural values when they engage more frequently in gang activity‚ which also make a difference in their delinquent involvement. The subculture would in turn bolster their subsequent gang participation. Different subcultural values appear to arise differently from gang involvement in Hong Kong‚ Guangzhou
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chapter Motivation Definitions of motivation Importance of motivation Elements of motivation Motivation process Characteristics of motivation Motivation factors Types of motivation Theories
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Why is a greater degree of involvement in employees’ personal lives inevitable in many international HRM activities? Explain using relevant illustrations. When an international assignment is not completed‚ necessitating a replacement of the expatriate‚ the cost of the failure to the organization are both direct and indirect. The direct costs include salary‚ training costs‚ travel and relocation expenses. The indirect costs could be loss of market share‚ poor relationship with the hosts. This is
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Two factor Theory Job Engagement Theory AKSHAY KUMAR McClelland’s Theory of Needs Employee Involvement AMIT SUNKARWAR Self Determination Theory Goal Setting Theory SURYA Self-Efficacy Theory Reinforcement Theory R.ASWATH Equity Theory/Organizational Justice Expectancy Theory Viewpoint for Managers ESWAR KARTHIK The Job Characteristics Model Using Rewards to motivate employees MOTIVATION Some individuals are driven to succeed. A students who struggles to read a textbook for more
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Session 4 (Motivation) Motivation in an organizational context is the processes that account for an individual’s intensity (how hard the person tries)‚ direction (the orientation that benefits the organization)‚ and persistence of effort (how long a person can maintain his/her effort) toward attaining a goal. 1. Maslow’s Hierarch of Needs Theory – hypothesized that every human being has needs (shown in the form of a pyramid) that need to be satisfied at each level before moving upward to the
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Motivation Motivation Definition Motivation can be defined as the process that accounts for an individual’s intensity‚ direction‚ and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.11 Intensity is concerned with how hard a person tries. The effort has to be channelled in a direction that benefits the organization. Persistence is a measure of how long people can maintain their effort. There are two major categories of motivation theories (1) Content theories and (2) Process theories. Content
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retention and motivation go hand in hand for any organization. Among global industries where even after high rate of unemployment; organizations are struggling to retain their employees. Question is whether employee motivation theories provide a feasible solution for employee retention and better strategies for performance improvement? Different articles have provided better understanding of how motivation theories may help employers identify‚ analyze relation between employee motivation and employee
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competitors. In the context of product and brand management‚ a number of studies have shown various effects of risk aversion on consumers’ decision making. This conceptual paper aims to discuss about how risk-averse consumers behave in choosing particular brand in smarthphone market and how that risk aversion lead to the brand loyalty‚ brand trust and brand affect. Keywords: consumers‚ brand‚ smartphone‚ risk aversion‚ brand trust‚ brand affect‚ brand loyalty. Introduction The more sophisticated
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Program of Partnerships‚ How Partnerships Link to Other Aspects of Successful Schools students families activities parents Ads by Google Search All U.S. Universities The goal of positive and productive family and community involvement is on every school improvement list‚ but few schools have implemented comprehensive programs of partnership. Research suggests that this goal is an important one to reach because families and communities contribute to children’s learning‚ development
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International Involvement International Involvement Before the Civil War‚ America developed a Manifest Destiny that‚ in part‚ meant the expansion of the original thirteen colonies into a great nation. This meant expanding from the original borders past the Mississippi River toward the Pacific Ocean. As that Manifest Destiny was being fulfilled after the Civil War ended‚ a new Manifest Destiny had been conceived by the U.S. Congress. This new Manifest Destiny began a new period of expansion
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