are several factors contributing to whether or not certain behaviours are criminalized by law in a society. From the sociological aspect‚ there are two major models that explain the origin of law and crimes: the consensus theory and the conflict theory. These two theories have radically different views on what crimes are. “The consensus theory is rooted in John Locke’s (1632-1704) “Social Contract Theory”” (Cox). According to Locke’s theory‚ government is based on a social contract between rulers
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deterrence model is the idea that the fear of punishment will prevent criminals or potential criminals from committing a crime. There are two different types of deterrence‚ which are general and specific. General deterrence is the preventing crime among the general population. The general public includes only those who have not committed a crime before. Specific deterrence is trying to prevent a specific group of people or specific person from committing a crime in the future. The deterrence model has been
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Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary Janel N. Smith CJA 384 April 7‚ 2013 David Thomas Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary The patron-client or organization is a combination of relationships and protection between those apart of the organized crime family. The "patron-client model"‚ represented by the works of Joe Albini (1971) and Francis and Liz Ianni (1972)‚ re-conceptualizes the Cosa Nostra as a web of asymmetric ties embedded in local or ethnic networks. The patron-client
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Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary Tina Martin-Fleming CJA/384 January 29‚ 2015 Charles Davis There are two types of organizations within the criminal justice field they are bureaucratic and patron-client organizations. The bureaucratic organization is an organization that enforces the law. However‚ the patron-client organization chooses to break the law. There are many differences between the groups‚ but there are a few things that they have in common. This paper will describe the difference
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Artifact-Centric Business Process Models: Brief Survey of Research Results and Challenges Richard Hull IBM T.J. Watson Research Center‚ Yorktown Heights‚ NY‚ USA Abstract. A data-centric approach to business process and workflow modeling has been emerging over the past several years. This short paper presents a structured framework for a class of data-centric business process models‚ which are based on “business artifacts”. The paper provides a brief survey of research results on artifact-centric
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The article‚ “The Church as Forgiving Community: An Initial Model by Magnuson and Enright (2008) is about the necessity and benefits of forgiveness among family‚ community‚ and the church. The authors posit that research studies have shown that the act or process of forgiveness reduces angst‚ depression‚ and intense feelings of resentment and hostility; and strengthens self- esteem‚ hope‚ and positive feelings and emotions. According to Magnuson and Enright‚ the general notion of forgiveness originated
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Due Process Supporters The concern about gun control causes an uproar to many supporters of the due process system. First‚ many supporters argue that gun control restricts rights given to the people of the United States‚ by the Second Amendment (the right to bear arms). They argue‚ that if strong gun control laws were to be placed there would be a likely possibility for those laws to be claimed unconstitutional and a reevaluation of the law would have to occur. Second‚ the tense topic “guns
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substantial legal doctrines‚ due process was developed from the English common law. The due process clause was seen as a vital guarantee that all legal proceedings will be impartial and that everyone is given notice of proceedings and an opportunity to be heard before the government restricts a person’s life‚ liberty‚ or property. It acts as a safety net from arbitrary denial of those things previously mentioned (Carey‚ 2011). The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments both contain a due process clause that limits
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and Pierce’s Leadership Process Model Taking an Intelligent‚ Long-Term Approach to Leadership ________________________________________ Leadership is about setting direction and helping people do the right things. However‚ it can involve so much more than this! In particular‚ leadership is a long-term process in which - in a very real and practical way - all actions have consequences‚ and "what goes around comes around." Dunham and Pierce’s Leadership Process Model helps you think about this
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The waterfall model is a sequential design process‚ often used in software development processes‚ in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards (like a waterfall) through the phases of Conception‚ Initiation‚ Analysis‚ Design‚Construction‚ Testing and Maintenance. The waterfall development model originates in the manufacturing and constructionindustries; highly structured physical environments in which after-the-fact changes are prohibitively costly‚ if not impossible. Since no formal software
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