Lab Report: Nucleophilic substitution reaction Introduction: Alkyl halides undergo many reactions in which a nucleophile displaces the halogen atom bonded to the central carbon of the molecule. The displaced halogen atom becomes a halide ion. | | | | Some typical nucleophiles are the hydroxy group (−OH)‚ the alkoxy group (RO−)‚ and the cyanide ion (−C N). Reaction of these nucleophiles with an alkyl halide (R—X) gives the following reactions and products: | | | |
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Nucleophilic Substitution Samantha Gutierrez Nucleophilic Substitution Introduction: The purpose of this lab is to investigate how different factors affect the rate of SN1 and SN2 reactions. SN2 reactions proceed via a one step mechanism in which the incoming nucleophile attacks the electrophilic carbon center from the opposite side of the leaving group. This reaction mechanism implies that the stereochemistry of a chiral center will be inverted. SN1 reactions proceed via two steps‚ slow
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Silver Iodide By: Paul Gilmore III Table of Contents I. Introduction II. Properties III. Cloud Seeding IV. Photography V. Toxicity VI. Conclusion VII. Works Cited Paul Gilmore III 15 April 2013 Ms. Placke 4th Period I. Introduction Silver Iodide is an inorganic compound represented by the formula AgI that is used in cloud seeding‚ photography‚ and can also be used as an antiseptic. These are the three main ways the compound
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by using sodium borohydride to reduce benzophenone. The product was then crystalized from hexanes then using the melting point and IR testing it was possible to characterize it. The melting point range was… Introduction: This lab is possible because of oxidation and reduction reactions. In organic chemistry oxidation is the loss of electron density around a carbon‚ while reduction is an increase in electron density around a carbon. More electronegative atoms such chlorine have a strong affinity
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How does a catalyst in the form of a metal ion affect the rate of reaction in an iodide clock reaction with potassium peroxydisulphate ions? Background When peroxydisulfate ions (S2O82-) react with iodide ions (I-) in the presence of a starch indicator‚ they produce a dark blue solution. Reaction (1) S2O82- + 3I- I3- + 2 SO42- (peroxydisulfate ion) (iodide ion) (iodine ion) (sulfate ion) To determine the rate law for this reaction a series of changes
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SODIUM gSodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na (from Latin: natrium) and atomic number 11. It is a soft‚ silver-white‚ highly reactive metal and is a member of the alkali metals; its only stable isotope is 23Na. The free metal does not occur in nature‚ but instead must be prepared from its compounds; it was first isolated by Humphry Davy in 1807 by the electrolysis of sodium hydroxide. Sodium is the sixth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust‚ and exists in numerous minerals such
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examine the final product for the presence for ions. Materials- Sheet of Paper Lead (II) Nitrate Potassium Iodide Deionized Water Filter Paper Charcoal Matches Equipment- Clean dry spatula Small Beakers Glass stirring rod Ring stand Funnel Tweezers Bunsen Burner Small Test Tubes Safety- During this lab we are dealing with some dangerous chemical including Lead Nitrate‚ Potassium Iodide. In this lab you will need to be wearing safety goggles at all times and closed toed shoes and for people that
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Sodium From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia This article is about the chemical element. For the PlayStation Home game‚ see Sodium (PlayStation Home). For the racehorse‚ seeSodium (horse). "Natrium" redirects here. For the town in West Virginia‚ see Natrium‚ West Virginia. Sodium 11Na
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Sodium chloride‚ also known as salt‚ common salt‚ table salt‚ or halite‚ is an ionic compound with the formula NaCl. Sodium chloride is the salt most responsible for the salinity of the ocean and of the extracellular fluid of many multicellular organisms. As the major ingredient in edible salt‚ it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. [edit] Properties Thermal conductivity of pure NaCl as a function of temperature has a maximum of 2.03 W/(cm K) at 8 K and decreases to 0.069 at 314
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reactivities of different alkyl halides with two different reagents; sodium iodide in acetone and silver nitrate in ethanol. Below the reaction equations 1. RX+NAIRI+NAX (X=Cl or Br) in the presence of acetone 2. RX+AgNO3+EtOHROEt+AgX+HNO3 We used three substrates primary secondary and tertiary compounds are 1-bromobutane‚ 2-bromobutane and 2-bromo-2-methylpropane respectively to react with the two nucleophiles that are sodium iodide with acetone solvent and silver nitrate with ethanol solvent. Based
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