Abstract. This report is about how to standardize a Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution by titrating it with pure sample of Potassium acid Phthalate (KHC8H4O4). This experiment has two sections. The first section is to standardize the Sodium Hydroxide by titration. Three sample of 0.7 – 0.9 g of solid KHP are place into each of the three numbered Erlenmeyer flasks. 50 ml of distilled water are added to each three of it from graduated cylinder and constantly shake it until the KHP solution are completely
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a difference in the amount of calcium carbonate in brown versus white chicken eggs. Background: Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is a component of seashells and eggshells that gives them their strength and hardness. Because calcium carbonate is a base‚ it will react with acids to form a salt and water. The complete reaction of calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid is: CaCO3 (s) + HCl (aq) ( CaCl2 (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l) The portion of the shell that is not calcium carbonate does not react with
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General Conclusion: These experiments helped us understand the importance of molecular polarity. This knowledge can now be used for the future to predict‚ for example‚ if two substances will mix or not. We can now do this by knowing that polar substances only mix with other polar substances‚ while non-polar substances only mix with other non-polar substances. This concept can be used to predict if a substance will be soluble in a specific solvent. The concepts of solubility and conductivity of a
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a styrofoam calorimeter. The three reaction are shown below. Reaction 1: The dissolving of solid sodium hydroxide in water. NaOH(s) ---> Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) + heat Reaction 2: The reaction of solid sodium hydroxide with dilute hydrochloric acid. NaOH(s) + H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) ---> Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) + H2O Reaction 3: The reaction of sodium hydroxide solution with dilute hydrochloric acid solution. Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) + H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) ---> Na+(aq)
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first discovered in England during the year 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy. He was able to separate calcium into a pure metal by doing an electrolysis process on a mixture of lime HgO‚ which is mercuric oxide. However‚ Sir Humphry Davy was not able to do this until after he found out Berzelius and Pontin electrolysed lime into mercury which constructed calcium amalgam. Although he discovered calcium in 1808‚ calcium metal was not available in large amounts until the beginning of the twentieth century. Before
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Gravimetric Determination of Calcium ABSTRACT Determining the mass of a pure compound is a method of a gravimetric analysis. One of the gravimetric analyses is the precipitation; it is a method of separating the analyte from the unknown sample as a precipitate where it will be filtered and converted into a known composition that can be weighed to determine its mass (Skoog et al‚ 2013). Determining the mass of calcium by using gravimetric analysis was the objective of the experiment. A 25 mL
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Calcium is essential to health yet it holds a hidden danger that brings us to our graves much quicker then we would like. Calcium is the most promoted nutrient by proponents of conventional‚ nutritional‚ and alternative medicine. This is a great and tragic mistake. They should have been promoting magnesium. Magnesium deficiency leads to an increase in myocardial levels of both sodium and calcium. This is a problem because Coronary Artery calcium is a predictor of near-term coronary heart disease
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The Importance of Calcium Ions Alyssa Foels 12 February 2015 Kilfe Calcium is a cation‚ a positively charged atom‚ and it is essential to all living things. It was first discovered in 1808 by Humphrey Davy. When forming an ionic bond with other elements‚ calcium loses electrons to make its valence shell stable. This means that it has more protons than electrons‚ making it have a slight positive charge (Calcium). Calcium has many roles and functions in the human body. Calcium ions are the most
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Calcium is an extremely important factor for health and longevity. It serves both a structural and physiological role in the entire organism. Bones are constantly breaking down and rebuilding‚ and calcium is directly involved in this process. Calcium ions (Ca2+) are essential mediators of a wide variety of cellular activities‚ including the passing of information along neurons and between adjacent neurons. Hormonal regulation is also mediated by the proper functions of calcium and calcium ions
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History of Calcium- Calcium is a very interesting element that has a lot to tell about itself. There is much history to be learned about calcium. Calcium was actually discovered by Humphry Davy in 1808. Calcium’s name happens to come from the latin ‘calx’ meaning lime. Lime (calcium oxide‚ CaO) was a useful material that was created by heating limestone. Before the discovery of calcium‚ a man named Antoine Lavoisier classified the lime as “earth” because it was very difficult‚ almost
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