usually develops reactive attachment disorder before the age of five years and it may be evident during the first months of infancy. Such children show maladaptive behaviors frequently and avoid interacting with others. The children diagnosed with reactive attachment disorder possess characteristics such as rudeness with humans and animals‚ and intentional lying where the child is aware of the fact that the other individual knows the truth. The Implications of Reactive Attachment Disorder Through a number
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| Attachment Theory | 7th June 2010 | | By Sandra Thomas | | | Q1. Explain the development of attachment in infants. [Criteria 1.1 & 1.2)(500 words) (You are expected to consider the original explanation given by Bowlby and the alternative explanation by Schaffer and Emerson. I.e. Monotrophy vs. Multiple attachment and the stages as described by Bowlby) 529 words John Bowlby believed that in the early stages of child development the maternal relationship was the basis
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THEORY OF ATTACHMENT Attachment theory‚ developed by John Bowlby presents a set of organizing principles for understanding various facets of human psychological aspects. The theory offers a wide spectrum‚ which encompasses comprehensive theoretical paradigm for understanding diversities amongst relationships. Bowlby rejecting the old theories of attachment highlighted that attachment is not merely an internal drive to satisfy some need. This paper will focus on the seminal work and the principles
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responsive to their needs. Image by Jeff Osborne What is Attachment? Attachment is an emotional bond to another person. Psychologist John Bowlby was the first attachment theorist‚ describing attachment as a "lasting psychological connectedness between human beings" (Bowlby‚ 1969‚ p. 194). Bowlby believed that the earliest bonds formed by children with their caregivers have a tremendous impact that continues throughout life. According to Bowlby‚ attachment also serves to keep the infant close to the mother
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Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) is a complex psychiatric disorder. A person with reactive attachment disorder is usually neglected‚ abused or orphaned. Reactive attachment disorder develops because the child’s needs for comfort‚ affection and nurturing aren’t met and loving attachments with others are never established. This may permanently change the child’s growing brain‚ which hurts the ability to establish future relationships. RAD is a lifelong illness and affects every aspect in the person’s
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Focus: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages on autonomy and paternalism. Decision-making would be so much easier if we all maintained our autonomy in making the decision‚ however‚ because our decisions do not always abide by autonomistic values paternalistic intervention must occur. The purpose of autonomy is to allow us to choose to do things that affect only ourselves and does not negatively affect those around us. Unfortunately‚ many choices do‚ whether we know it or not‚ involve
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References Agrawal‚ H.‚ Gunderson‚ J.‚ Holmes‚ B.‚ Lyons-Ruth‚ K. (2004) ‘Attachment Studies with Borderline Patients: A Review’ Harvard Review of Psychiatry‚ Volume 12‚ No. 2 Ainsworth‚ M. & Bell‚ S. (1970) ‘Attachment‚ exploration‚ and separation: Illustrated by the behaviour of one-year-olds in a strange situation’. Child Development‚ 41‚ 49-67. Ainsworth‚ M. D. S. (1973). ‘The development of infant-mother attachment’‚ in B. Cardwell & H. Ricciuti (Eds.). Review of child development research
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Developmental Psychology Early Social Development: Attachment Attachment An emotional bond between two people. It is a two-way process that endures over time. It leads to certain behaviours such as clinging and proximity-seeking and serves the function of protecting the infant. Primary attachment figure The person who has formed the closest bond with a child‚ demonstrated by the intensity of the relationship. Usually the biological mother‚ but other people can fulfil
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Autonomy is the concept that an individual has the right to be his or her own person in the sense that all actions or decisions that are self-regarding are made solely by that person—based on his or her ideas and values. Under autonomy‚ not only does a person have the right to make his or her own decisions that reflect how they choose to live their life‚ but they also have the right to choose how they want to attain them. The idea of autonomy assumes that all individuals have the rational capacity
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Definition of Individual Autonomy Individual autonomy is basically defined as the condition or state in which actions of a person are self directed. The person who practices individual autonomy has complete authority over his or her choices and actions; specifically an autonomous person bases his decision completely on his views and ideas when the decision is of significant importance. Sense of individual autonomy can also be referred as a property of person’s desires or acts when they are considered
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