COMBUSTION ENGINES INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Mihir Sen University of Notre Dame November 11‚ 2009 1/ 55 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Outline 1 Outline 2 Basics 3 Classification 4 Terminology 5 Components 6 Operation 7 Thermodynamics 8 Parameters 9 Output 2/ 55 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Basics Historical Lenoir‚ 1860: first auto Otto and Langen‚ 1867: efficiency about 11% Diesel‚ by 1892: compression ignition engine 3/ 55 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Basics Combustion
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Piston Engines Picture a tube or cylinder that holds a snugly fitting plug. The plug is free to move back and forth within this tube‚ pushed by pressure from hot gases. A rod is mounted to the moving plug; it connects to a crankshaft‚ causing this shaft to rotate rapidly. A propeller sits at the end of this shaft‚ spinning within the air. Here‚ in outline‚ is the piston engine‚ which powered all airplanes until the advent of jet engines. Pistons in cylinders first saw use in steam engines. Scotland’s
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Communication Process Model A misunderstanding I experienced communicating with a co-worker at work. Misunderstanding 1 Who was the sender? Myself Who was the receiver? Another co-worker What was the message? Was to lack and inspect the Air plane lack system that holds the cargo pallets. What channel was used to send the message? Verbal face to face communication What was the misunderstanding that occurred? Coworker didn’t understood my instructions because of the commotion‚ loudness
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Green Engine seminar report.DOC (Size: 107 KB / Downloads: 3197) ABSTRACT The green engine is one of the most interesting discoveries of the new millennium. It has got some unique features that were used for the first time in the making of engines. This engine is a piston less one with features like sequential variable compression ratio‚ direct air intake‚ direct fuel injection‚ multi-fuel usage etc. The efficiency of this engine is high when compared to the contemporary engines and also the exhaust
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Turboprop engines Turboprop engines are a type of aircraft powerplant that use a gas turbine to drive a propeller. The gas turbine is designed specifically for this application‚ with almost all of its output being used to drive the propeller. The engine’s exhaust gases contain little energy compared to a jet engine and play a minor role in the propulsion of the aircraft. The propeller is coupled to the turbine through a reduction gear that converts the high RPM‚ low torque output to low RPM‚
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Diesel engines and unleaded fuel engines better known as gasoline engines are actually very similar. They are both internal combustion engines which is to convert the chemical energy in fuel into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy moves pistons up and down inside cylinders. The pistons are connected to a crankshaft‚ and the up-and-down motion of the pistons‚ known as linear motion‚ creates a force to the flywheel the from the flywheel to the transmission. The working principle of diesel engines
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COMBUSTION ENGINES 6.1 Introduction Perhaps the best-known engine in the world is the reciprocating internal combustion (IC) engine. Virtually every person who has driven an automobile or pushed a power lawnmower has used one. By far the most widely used IC engine is the spark-ignition gasoline engine‚ which takes us to school and work and on pleasure jaunts. Although others had made significant contributions‚ Niklaus Otto is generally credited with the invention of the engine and with the
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to Engine Performance – Study Guide ©2005 Melior‚ Inc. ____________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction The engine is the power plant of a vehicle. Automotive engines have gone through tremendous changes since the automobile was first introduced in the 1880s‚ but all combustion engines still have three requirements that must be met to do their job of providing power – air‚ fuel‚ and ignition. The mixture of air and fuel must be compressed inside
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ABSTRACT Camless internal combustion engines offer major improvements over traditional engines in terms of efficiency‚ maximum torque and power‚ pollutant emissions. Electromechanical valve actuators are very promising in this context‚ but still present significant control problems. Low valve seating velocity‚ small transition time for valve opening and closing‚ unavailability of position sensor are the main objectives to be considered in the design of the valve control system. Actuator physical
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A jet engine‚ like a rocket engine‚ is a reaction engine. It works by throwing mass in one direction and taking advantage of the reaction in the opposite direction. In the case of a jet engine‚ the engine burns fuel (like kerosene) with air from the atmosphere. The burning fuel heats and expands the air‚ and this hot air shoots out of the exhaust-end of the engine to create thrust. Most modern jet engines use a turbine to improve the efficiency of the engine and allow the engine to work at low speeds
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