pertains to the safety of his family as well as the well being of the entire country. While the movie is plenty interesting in its own right‚ the dilemma the man faces becomes much more interesting‚ and debatable‚ when you look at it in terms of utilitarianism and its different branches. In short‚ the film delves into the life of a former corporate scientist for one of the biggest tobacco companies in the United States. Obviously‚ as a corporate scientist‚ the man knows the ins and outs of the tobacco
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Aristotle’s Virtue Ethics The philosophy of virtue ethics‚ which primarily deals with the ways in which a person should live‚ has puzzled philosophers from the beginning of time. There are many contrasting interpretations regarding how one should live his or her life in the best way possible. It is in my opinion that the Greeks‚ especially Aristotle‚ have exhibited the most logical explanation of how to live the "good life". The following paper will attempt to offer a detailed understanding
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The theory of utilitarianism was put forward entierly by Jeremy Bentham‚ who wrote about Ethics and Politics. He was a social reformer keen to improve the lives of the working class. Many of the improvements made in the treatments of criminals in the 18th and 19th centuries were the results of Benthems ethics. Bentham believed that which is good is that which equals the greatest sum of pleasure and the least sum of pain. (Hedonism). We can divide his theory into three parts: His
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Q; Explain the difference between a Deontological and Teleological approach to Ethics. Deontological ethical theories claim that certain actions are right or wrong in themselves‚ regardless of what the consequence is. For example Natural Law. However Teleological ethical theories look at the consequence and result of an action to see if it is right or if it is wrong. For example Situation ethics. The difference between teleological and Deontological ethics is outcome of act verses the act itself
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people who say that happiness is virtue‚ or arête. “Virtue‚ then‚ is a state of character concerned with choice‚ lying in a mean‚ i.e.‚ the mean relative to us‚ this being determined by a rational principle‚ and by that principle by which the man of practical wisdom would determine it. Now it is a mean between two vices‚ that which depends on excess and that which depends of defect (…) Hence‚ in respect of its substance and the definition which states its essence virtue is a mean‚ with regard to what
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Utilitarianism—by John Stewart Mill Classical utilitarianism is hedonist‚ but values other than‚ or in addition to‚ pleasure (ideal utilitarianism) can be employed‚ or—more neutrally‚ and in a version popular in economics—anything can be regarded as valuable that appears as an object of rational or informed desire (preference utilitarianism). The test of utility maximization can also be applied directly to single acts (act utilitarianism)‚ or to acts only indirectly through some other suitable
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Strengths and Weaknesses of Utilitarianism In the article‚ “Strengths and Weaknesses of Utilitarianism”‚ Louis P. Pojman explained the grounds on which utilitarianism has been attacked and showed some possible response to its defenders which imply his positive attitude towards utilitarianism [1] . In order to argue that thesis‚ Pojman’s one important premise is the response to the no-rest objection. He believed that the agent should aim at maximizing his or her own happiness as well as other people’s
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term "virtue" is from Latin and originally meant "strength" or "power". It is based on the word vir - man.. The ancient Greeks‚ starting with Homer‚ praised virtue. Despite the research and time‚ it is difficult to say precisely where virtue lies. The right measure is very difficult to achieve‚ and it is often different for different individuals. The idea of "The Golden Mean" is that in our actions we must seek the right measure and proportion. Excess or defect is a departure from virtue. For
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The Four Virtues of the Republic In the Republic‚ Plato sets up a framework to help us establish what the four virtues are‚ and their relationship between them to both the city and the soul. According to Plato‚ the four virtues are wisdom‚ courage‚ moderation‚ and justice. There are three classes within the city: guardians‚ auxiliaries‚ and artisans; and three parts within the soul include intellect‚ high-spirited‚ and appetitive. By understanding the different classes of the city or parts of the
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Aristotle’s views on Virtue Aristotle believes that there are two kinds of virtue‚ one being intellectual and the other being moral virtue. He states that Intellectual virtue comes from being taught meaning we’re not born with it. Moral virtue on the other hand we develop as we grow and gain an understanding of life. “The stone which by nature moves downwards cannot be habituated to move upwards‚ not even if one tries to train it by throwing it up ten thousand times” (N.E. II.1) Right there he
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