HISTORY OF TAXATION IN GHANA Introduction & Definition of taxation: To tax (from the Latin taxo; "I estimate") is to impose a financial charge or other levy upon a taxpayer (an individual or legal entity) by a state or the functional equivalent of a state such that failure to pay is punishable by law. A tax may be defined as a "pecuniary burden laid upon individuals or property owners to support the government [...] a payment exacted by legislative authority." A tax "is not a voluntary payment
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The Accounting Cycle Five Cycles of Accounting The accounting cycle consists of five components: revenue‚ expenditures‚ financing‚ conversion‚ and fixed assets (Bagranoff‚ Simkin‚ & Strand‚ 2008). There are many business activities within a company that will take place in each of these cycles. The revenue cycle incorporates sales and cash receipts. Expenditures are the decrease in cash assets to acquire goods or services necessary to operate. The conversion cycle is a continual process that
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The word happiness can be defined as a mental or emotional state of well-being. Happiness is a feeling of satisfaction and pleasure. The topic of happiness is one that has been discussed over centuries by philosophers‚ clergymen and scientists inter alia. Their arguments have been based trying to properly define happiness taking into account what its causes are amongst other things. According to philosopher’s St. Augustine and Thomas Aquinas man’s last end is happiness. All men agree in desiring
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Abstract Have you ever wondered how not-for-profit organizations are not-for-profit? Or how not-for-profit organizations can operate at an accounting profit but still be considered a not-for-profit organization? Over the year’‚ not-for-profit organizations have had many changes in rules and regulations set forth for not-for-profit organizations to abide by. There are three major financial statements involved with not-for-profit organizations and one voluntary financial statement‚ plus four key governmental
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accounting profit in 2010 is $177‚000($970‚000-$793‚000) c. The economic profit in 2010 is $-13‚000($970‚000-$793‚000-$190‚000). d. The owner should not leave his job because the economic profit is negative‚ which means he will earn less if he does his own business. 2. a. The type of agency problem that is involved here is principal-agent problem. Marriott wants to maintain a certain level of quality at all of its hotels‚ but in order to do that it would require capital investment by franchisees
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making a profit. To understand these measurements is imperative to understanding how to make a profit and plan for your future growth and development. That is where you have to understand how to balance cost vs. profit or ROI‚ Return on Investment. ROI is not so difficult if you understand some basic business concepts can help you maximize your Operating Contribution or total profit. Marginal Revenue is the sales garnered when the company sales one extra more unit of a product where Total Revenue is
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Comparing Not-For- Profit and For Profit Colleges Colleges and university have slowly become one of the stepping stones into the working world today. People go to colleges for higher education with the intention of earning degrees in which they can use in their respective fields. Some example degrees that people pursue are Medical‚ Law‚ Business‚ Accounting‚ and Science Degrees. Through the years the idea of college was that it was optional and it was a door for better life and job. However in
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Economic Profit and Accounting Profit When it comes to business decisions‚ there are many ways to analysis the financial status of a firm. What guidelines determine profit margin? Who uses these guidelines? How is profit used to analysis a firm and its business decisions? This paper will discuss two terms that are used to define profit: accounting profit and economic profit. The first term is called accounting profit which uses the equa-tion. The second term for profit is economic profit. Economic
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visible aspect and asks whether Bhutan’s search for an alternative approach really entails the search for a more responsible form of happiness – one that inherently involves a more compassionate mode of being in the world. Using the Four Pillars of Gross National Happiness as a framework‚ it argues that the cultivation of a deeper happiness lies in ensuring that the inter-dependent realms of culture‚ good governance‚ economy and the environment remain in sustainable balance. If Buddhist understandings
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Revenue Management 2012/2013 (FTRD 9001) In an economic downturn‚ the task of the Revenue Manager is a challenging one‚ with a fall in overall demand and ensuing lower prices in the Market Place. Discuss strategies and tactics that may be used to best manage revenue in the current environment. TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary......................................................................................................................3 1. Introduction ...................
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