Accrual Accounting: Income is recorded as you invoice customers‚ and expenses are recorded when you receive bills from vendors‚ regardless of when cash is actually exchanged. This presents a truer picture of income and expenses. Most companies use this method. Cash-Basis Accounting: Income is recorded when cash (checks‚ money orders‚ or currency) is received‚ and expenses are recorded when paid. However‚ unpaid credit sales and purchases do not show on ledgers‚ which can present a misleading
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Recently‚ fair value accounting suffers heated debate because the financial crisis. The purpose of this article is to evaluate and understand fair value both in literature analysis and practice. This paper emphasizes the advantages and disadvantages of the fair value measurement. Proponents believe that fair value can provide timely information that reflects current financial market conditions‚ and information supplied is reliable. On the other hand‚ critics argue that fair value accounting results the problem
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Concepts of Throughput Accounting In 1890s when cost accounting was introduced‚ labour was the greatest fraction of manufactured cost and considered as a variable cost. Very often workers did not know about the actual time of hours that they have to perform in a week when they reported for duty since the systems of time-keeping were undeveloped. Here comes the importance of throughput accounting which removes the dependence of standard cost accounting on efficiencies‚ particularly the
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1. Functions of departments in Thanh Dung Company * BOD: The main function of the board is to manage the business in the best interest‚ primarily of the shareholders. In other words it is their duty to add value to the business which‚ by definition‚ requires the director to ensure that the Thanh Dung Company continues to improve its profitability and the price or value of its shares. They will set up targets‚ policies and strategies to create the premise for the operation of Thanh Dung Company
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National Schools(Boys) Accounting – IGCSE Past Papers Other relevant details Aim to LEARN because… “Whoever seeks knowledge and finds it‚ will get two rewards; one of them the reward for desiring it‚ and the other for attaining it; therefore‚ even if he does not attain it‚ for him is one reward.” Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) Serious sincere systematic study‚ surely secures supreme success. This book belongs to: ____________________________________________ Grade 10: ____ Accounting teacher: Ms. Loveena
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2.0 Ratio analysis The next will introduce the Mulberry’s and its competitor—Burberry’s financial ratios from their financial statements from 2010-2012. 2.1 Profitability analysis 2.1.1 Net profit margin Table 2.1 Mulberry and Burberry’s net profit margin Net profit margin | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | Mulberry | 4.12% | 14.03% | 15.02% | Burberry | 6.42% | 13.74% | 14.27% | Data source: Mulberry’s and Burberry’s 2010-2012 annual reports From Table 2.1 it can find that Mulberry’s net profit
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1. Analyze the changes that Al Dunlap had initiated at Sunbeam after being hired from a strategic perspective. Did the changes started by Dunlap allow him opportunities to manage earnings? Following are the changes that Al Dunlap initiated after being hired by Sunbeam Inc and the probable opportunities that Dunlap used to manage earnings: Fired the existing set of senior managers of Sunbeam and appointed his close friends and lieutenants in those positions. Opportunity: Picked a close set of
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general-purpose financial statements for making business decisions (American InterContinential University [AIU]‚ 2015). It allows accounting data to be converted into efficient information. It reduces confusion in decision making and presents an effective and systematic basis for making internal and external business decisions (Chiappetta‚ Larson &Wild‚ 2002‚ p.22). Internal users of accounting include managers‚ officers‚ internal auditors‚ consultants‚ budget officers‚ and market researchers. Internal users
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Federal Budgeting and Accounting Cayce Harris ACC-548 01-15-2015 Mindi Smedley Federal Budgeting and Accounting What roles do accountants play in managing government and not-for-profit organizations? According to Granof‚ “conventional‚ business-type management accounting focuses mainly on maximizing net inflow of cash. The aims of governments and not-for-profit organizations‚ of course‚ go well beyond maximizing cash flow” (Granof‚ 2013). Accountants in government and not-for-profit organizations
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conservation Prudence concept: revenue and profits are included in the balance sheet only when they are realized(or there is reasonable ’certainty ’ of realizing them) butliabilities are included when there is a reasonable ’possibility ’ of incurring them. Also called conservation concept. Du Pont analysis A type of analysis that examines a company ’s Return on Equity (ROE) by breaking it into three main components:profit margin‚ asset turnover and leverage factor. By breaking the ROE into
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