cause air pollution are called pollutants. Pollutants that are pumped into our atmosphere and directly pollute the air are called primary pollutants. Primary pollutant examples include carbon monoxide from car exhausts and sulphur dioxide from the combustion of coal. Further pollution can arise if primary pollutants in the atmosphere undergo chemical reactions. The resulting compounds are called secondary pollutants. Photochemical smog is an example of this. Historical explanation In the days before
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chemical composition of the burning material and intermediate reaction products. In many cases‚ such as the burning of organic matter‚ for example wood‚ or the incomplete combustion of gas‚ incandescent solid particles called soot produce the familiar red-orange glow of ’fire’. This light has a continuous spectrum. Complete combustion of gas has a dim blue color due to the emission of single-wavelength radiation from various electron transitions in the excited molecules formed in the flame. Usually oxygen
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Material and Energy Balance and Simulation (CHE243) Combustion and Environment 1. This activity contributes 5% of the course work (Group Assignment). 2. Form a group of 4 to 5 person. 3. Dateline: 1 September 2014‚ 5pm Learning outcome 1. Apply the calculation for fundamentals of material balance for reactive system. 2. Calculate the parameter required for the combustion process. Scenario You have been assigned by the Department of Environment (DOE) to measure SO 2 emission from a small
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Biofuels. Name: Institution: Course: Tutor: Date: A biofuel is made from a biological process known as carbon fixation. These biofuels are gotten from the conversion of biomass‚ solid biomass‚ liquid fuels as well as biogases. The biofuels are continued to be known because of the high prices of fossil fuels and also for the purposes of ensuring fuel security in various countries. (Caye‚ D. & Terry W.2008). The biofuels are produced from two distinct ways; that is through metabolic by-products
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Lab Report #1 I. Basics Title of the Experiment: The Empirical Formula of an Oxide Authors: Section Number: Chemistry Location and Date II. Abstract The aim in this lab was to determine the empirical formula of an oxide of magnesium through combustion in air. This was achieved by heating an established mass of magnesium in air inside of a crucible‚ ultimately attaining a compound that contained Mg and O. The major result of the experiment was the empirical formula of the oxide of magnesium.
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EXPERIMENT NO. 2 Aim: To study the construction and working of various boiler mountings and accessories. Theory: A boiler is defined as a closed vessel in which steam is produced from water by combustion of fuel. Also defined as “A combination of apparatus for producing‚ furnishing‚ or recovering heat together with the apparatus for transporting the heat so made available to the fluid being heated and vaporized.” Classification of Boilers : The boilers may be classified according to following
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Air pollution is the presence in the atmosphere of harmful gases‚ liquids‚ or solids. Air pollution‚ known as smoke pollution for many years‚ resulted from coal combustion (Hodges 526). Smog has been a problem in coal-burning areas for several centuries. Smog finally decreased when coal combustion was replaced by oil and gas combustion. Air pollution is caused by a number of different types of pollutants. The first type‚ particulate matter‚ consists of solid and liquid aerosols suspended in the
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and stable combination. Compared to conventional fuels‚ ethanol contains 36% oxygen thus resulting in more complete combustion. This greatly lowers the formation of carbon monoxide by allowing it to react with oxygen present in ethanol yielding a more eco-friendly gas. Hydrogen peroxide is also added to ethanol since it contributes to the addition of oxygen for complete combustion. The proponents made use of iron stands and iron rings placed on opposite sides of the Tirrill burner. One iron ring
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Oxy-fuel cutting Stolen from: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/castinghobby/files/Foundry%20Gases/Oxyfuel%20cutting.doc Oxyfuel cutting - process and fuel gases Mechanized oxyacetylene cutting system The oxy-fuel process is the most widely applied industrial thermal cutting process because it can cut thicknesses from 0.5mm to 2‚500mm‚ the equipment is low cost and can be used manually or mechanized There are several fuel gas and nozzle design options that can significantly enhance performance
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SAE International by University Of Wales Trinity Saint‚ Friday‚ January 17‚ 2014 09:29:36 AM SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS‚ INC. 400 Commonwealth Drive‚ Warrendale‚ Pa. 15096 A Computer Program for Calculating Properties of Equilibrium Combustion Products with Some Applications to I.C. Engines Cherian Olikara and Gary L. Borman University of Wisconsin Automotive Engineering Congress and Exposition Detroit‚ Michigan February 24-28‚ 1975 750468 Downloaded from SAE International
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