CHAPTER 13: CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND LEVERAGE 1. A firm’s business risk is largely determined by the financial characteristics of its industry‚ especially by the amount of debt the average firm in the industry uses. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 2. Financial risk refers to the extra risk borne by stockholders as a result of a firm’s use of debt as compared with their risk if the firm had used no debt. a. True b. False ANSWER: True 3. A firm’s capital structure does not affect its free cash
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1. What is earnings management? The companies use earnings management as a strategy by which they can easily control and manipulate their earnings to reach their pre-determined earning target. 2. Why do companies employ earnings management techniques? Accountants cannot predict every business structure‚ every new and innovative transaction. Therefore‚ they build up principles that allow for flexibility so that they can adapt to changing circumstances. However‚ people make use of that flexibility
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definition of earnings per share. Earnings per share can be defined as the earnings available to equity shareholders after the payment of preferred dividends‚ if any‚ with respect to one share. It is calculated as net income available to equity shareholders divided by the number of outstanding equity shares. Define financial leverage. What is its effect on earnings? When is the use of financial leverage advantageous and disadvantageous? The extent to which a firm uses fixed income securities can
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4-1 4 Income Statement Usefulness Predicting future performance. 4-2 Evaluate past performance. Help assess the risk or uncertainty of achieving future cash flows. Income Statement Limitations Companies omit items that cannot be measured reliably. 4-3 Income is affected by the accounting methods employed. Income measurement involves judgment. Income Statement Quality of Earnings Companies have incentives to manage income to meet or
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Classificatory smoothing of Income with Extraordinary Items - Summary Within this paper they talk about whether extraordinary items are used to smooth ordinary or operating income over time. The role of extraordinary items was never really looked at become separately and that is what they wanted to look at. They talk about how previously the focus was on net income after extraordinary items but that it is important to look at net income before extraordinary items also
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CHAPTER 1 1.1 INDUSTRY PROFILE 1.1.1 About this Industry: Finance and Share Market. [pic] 1.1.2 BSE • The Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) (formerly‚ The Stock Exchange‚ Bombay) is a stock exchange is the oldest stock exchange in Asia. • The equity market capitalization of the companies listed on the BSE wasUS$1.63 trillion as of December 2010‚ making it the 4th largest stock exchange in Asia and the 8th largest in the world. • The BSE has the largest number of listed
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Earnings Management and Its Implications Educating the Accounting Profession By Michael D. Akers‚ Don E. Giacomino‚ and Jodi L. Bellovary August 2007 Issue AUGUST 2007 - In the wake of continuing‚ highly publicized E-mail Story financial frauds and failures‚ the accounting profession has placed renewed emphasis on issues related to earnings Print Story management and earnings quality. The SEC and the public are demanding greater assurance about the quality of earnings. Staff Accounting Bulletin
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CHAPTER 16 FINANCIAL LEVERAGE AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE POLICY Answers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions 1. Business risk is the equity risk arising from the nature of the firm’s operating activity‚ and is directly related to the systematic risk of the firm’s assets. Financial risk is the equity risk that is due entirely to the firm’s chosen capital structure. As financial leverage‚ or the use of debt financing‚ increases‚ so does financial risk and‚ hence‚ the overall
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LauNched: July‚ 2007 BicycLes: 10‚000 statioNs: 750 city popuLatioN: 2.15 million NumBer of citizeNs per Bike: 215 avaiLaBiLity: Year-round price structure: Riders can select a oneday card for €1‚ a weekly card for €5 or an annual card for €29. First half-hour is free. Additional half-hours are priced at €1‚ €2 and €4. techNoLogy: Smartcard operatiNg compaNy: JC Decaux By far the largest bike-share program to-date‚ paris plans to have installed over 10‚000 bikes by July‚ 2007‚ and 20‚000 by 2008
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SHARE CAPITAL Share capital is the Funds raised by issuing shares in return for cash or other considerations. The amount of share capital a company has can change over time because each time a business sells new shares to the public in exchange for cash‚ the amount of share capital will increase. Share capital can be composed of both common and preferred shares. Each share carrying a vote in the management of the business‚ managerial control may be limited. The authorized capital of a company is
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