Assessable income=ordinary income + statutory income. Ordinary income: income deriving from the courts (s6-5) Negative propositions: items that are not income by ordinary concepts: 1.Amounts not convertible into money :In Tennant v Smith (1892) free accommodation provided to a bank manager was held not to be ordinary income because building could not be sub-let and the benefit thereby converted to money. In FCT v Cooke & Sherden (1980) an incentive prize offered by a manufacturer was not income of the
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information gathered in “The Dangerous Morality of Managing Earnings‚” there are five generalizations in how to manage short term earnings. They are how managers manipulate records to benefit themselves or the company. It seems that there is no true uniformity in short term earnings and each felt that rules could be bent by manipulating operating procedures‚ accounting methods‚ deferring expenditures‚ budget target‚ or by changing the short term earnings in sales and expense was justifiable. Although
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Price/Earnings Ratio Model (P/E) The P/E looks at the relationship between the stock price and the company’s earnings. The P/E is the most popular metric of stock analysis. A valuation ratio of a company’s current share price compared to its per-share earnings. For example‚ if a company is currently trading at $60 a share and earnings over the last 12 months were $2 per share‚ the P/E ratio for the stock would be 30 ($60/$2). The earnings multiplier can be computed as follows: P/E Ratio = Current
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Abstract A quality of earning assessment is a tool used by analyst to determine the correlation between accounting income and economic income. The techniques to analyze accounting income and economic income include: comparing accounting principles‚ reviewing changes in accounting principles‚ analyzing discretionary and warranty expenditures‚ understanding replacement cost of assets and managements and auditors opinion of the company. A quality of earnings assessment of PepsiCo is applied to
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Performance objectives are benchmarks of effective performance that describe the types of work activities students and affiliates will be involved in as trainee accountants. They also outline the values and attitudes trainees should demonstrate as they fulfil their practical experience requirements. Trainees are required to achieve 13 performance objectives in total – all nine Essentials performance objectives and any four Options performance objectives. Performance objectives are divided into nine
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Definition of Operating System: An Operating system is a program that controls the execution of application programs and acts as an interface between the user of a computer and the computer hardware. Need of an operating system: When a program written in a high level language is executed by a computer‚ the following steps are followed… The compiler to translate the program is loaded in the memory. The source program is read and loaded in the memory. The source program is compiled into object program
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REPURCHASE OF SHARES In the past two decades‚ major U.S. corporations have increasingly repurchased significant amounts of their own common shares. The reasons for this development and its implications for the theory of share valuation and public policy‚ however‚ have been subject to numerous‚ and often conflicting‚ interpretations. The repurchase of shares is not legal under all codes of law; but in the countries where it is legal‚ it opens up a variety of opportunities for gains for the stockholders
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Share Valuation Valuation Situations 1. Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) An initial public offering is the first sale of shares by a company to the public. The shares then become publicly traded. 2. Management Buy-outs (MBOs) A management buy-out is a form of acquisition in which the existing managers of a company acquire a large part or all of the shares of the company. 3. Management Buy-ins (MBIs) A management buy-in is a form of acquisition in which a manager or management team from
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Relationships Between Stock Split and Bonus Issue of Shares & their pros and cons Presented by Rajib Deb Student of M.COM. 4th Sem. Tripura University‚ Suryamaninagar What is stock split? A stock split is a corporate action that increases the number of the corporation’s outstanding shares by dividing each share‚ which in turn diminishes its price. The stock’s market capitalization‚ however‚ remains the same‚ just like the value of the Rs. 100 does not change if it is exchanged for two 50s. For
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RETAINED EARNINGS CHAPTER 19 DEFINITION: Retained Earnings represents the cumulative balance of: Periodic net income or loss Dividend distribution Prior periodic errors Changes in accounting policy‚ and Other capital adjustments The illustrative statements of financial position and statement of changes in equity in IAS 1 and IAS 8 still maintain the title “retained earnings” 2 KINDS OF RETAINED EARNINGS Unappropriated Appropriated UNAPPROPRIATED RETAINED EARNINGS Represent
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