Preparation of the propolis extracts: the propolis sample of the Brazilian native bee species Melipona quadrifasciata was obtained in May‚ 2013 in the city of Blumenau‚ SC‚ Brazil (26 ° 54’21.3 "S 49 ° 04’49.1 "W). In order to obtain a hydroalcoholic crude extract (HCE)‚ 284.3 grams of propolis were pulverized and macerated in 70% ethanol (m m-1)‚ left in a dark chamber for 7 days at room temperature‚ filtered in vacuum and taken to complete drying in a rotary evaporator with reduced pressure. In
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amber or non-amber‚ and storage temperatures (4‚ 25 and 40°C) on the stability of 12 extemporaneously prepared Phenytoin oral suspension was evaluated. The concentration of Phenytoin oral suspension was evaluated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)‚ in which the retention time of Phenytoin was detected at 6.3 minutes. Phenytoin oral suspension was found to be stable up to two weeks‚ retaining minimal of 76.5% of Phenytoin. Degradation could have taken place as a lower concentration
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The plant material (10 g) used‚ was a representative sample of C. sativus stigmas obtained from the Cooperative De Safran (Krokos Kozani‚ Greece) in 2012. The ISO 3632-1 (ISO 2011) quality parameters E1%1cm calculated at 440 nm‚ 257 nm‚ and 330 nm for an aqueous extract were 253‚ 86 and 34 respectively‚ indicating that the plant material was of the highest quality (Category I). 2.2. Standards‚ reagents and solvents Safranal (>88%)‚ isophorone (>97%)‚ keto-isophorone (>98%) and 2-phenylethanol (>99%)
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75g of the extract is dissolved in EtOAc and filtered. The filtrate (17.5g) is coated with Celite 545. Silica gel column chromatography (6.9cm i.d. x 35cm) with an n-hexane-EtAOc gradient is performed on the filtrate. A re-chromatograph by silica gel column (2cm i.d. x 40cm) eluted with CHCl3-MeOH gradient is done for the eluate that was produced by the silica gel column chromatography previously. The final eluate‚ 3.07g α-mangostin is produced by CHCl3 and 1.74g γ-mangostin from CHCl3-MeOH. A reversed-phase
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4. Results 4.1 Column chromatography The column chromatography was performed using different concentrations of elution solution and the column is eluted in increasing order of polarity of solvent from 100 % of extract‚ 25 % of ethyl acetate in hexane‚ 50 % of ethyl acetate in hexane‚ 75 % of ethyl acetate in hexane and 100 % of
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“Shouldn’t you have to pass a urine test to get a welfare check since I have to pass one to earn it for you?” That’s the question many‚ hardworking Americans are asking themselves. In today’s America‚ government aid is highly depended on. The US government has spent $498 billion dollars this year on welfare alone. Mandatory drug testing for welfare applicants is becoming a popular idea across the U.S. Many states including Alabama‚ Kentucky‚ Oklahoma and Louisiana are considering adopting laws that
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Carbohydrates General molecular formula Cn(H2O)n Appeared to be hydrates of carbon. not all carbohydrates have this empirical formula: deoxysugars‚ aminosugars Carbohydrate - polyhydroxy aldehyde‚ ketones. General characteristics Most carbohydrates are found naturally in bound form rather than as simple sugars Polysaccharides (starch‚ cellulose‚ inulin‚ gums) Glycoproteins and proteoglycans (hormones‚ blood group substances‚ antibodies) Glycolipids
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display similar characteristics. In this experiment‚ identification of the unknown ketone is accomplished through thin layer chromatography‚ melting point‚ and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The unknown ketone is from a homologous series of methyl ketones. CH3CO (CH2) nCH3 The first step in the lab is the preparation of the solvent used in the developing chamber for thin layer chromatography. The solvent used is a 3:1 mixture of toluene and petroleum. After the developing chamber is prepared‚ it is essential to
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moles % Yield: g of actual yield/mass of theoretically yield 100% = 0.288g/29.49*100 % = 97% Complete the following questions and submit with your report. 1. Is an acyl (acetyl) group an EWG or EDG? EWG 2. While running column chromatography‚ three compounds were eluted (one was yellow‚ one was orange‚ and one was red). Name the three compounds‚ give the Rfs for each compound on the TLC‚ draw their structures‚ and explain how you know the elution order. If you did not elute a
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Term 1 - Summative Assessment Science (Theory) Question Paper Set - 1 Time: 3 to 3 ½ hours Max. Marks: 80 Instructions: 1. The question paper consists of two sections‚ A and B. You are to attempt both the sections. 2. All questions are compulsory. 3. There is no overall choice. However‚ internal choice has been provided in all the three questions of five marks each. You have to attempt only one option in each question. 4. All questions in Section A and all questions in Section B are to
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