reaction was performed under reflux which sped up the reaction by continuous vapor-condensation cycles of the solution mixture as the solution boiled. The vapors were blocked from escaping the solution by a stream of cold water running up the reflux column. Also‚ to increase the reaction rate‚ an acid catalyst: sulfuric acid‚ was added to the reactant mixture (³). The main reaction is as follows: However‚ the actual reaction does not only produce the expected ester and water
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controller! Use 40/60 mol percent propanol/butanol (no cyclohexane or toluene are used in this lab because they are more toxic) Set up fractional distillation Set heat at highest level to start‚ then turn back down to 60-80% when vapor starts up column‚ collect first sample then adjust heat as needed Not too fast or slow‚ distillation should take about 30 minutes Write procedure during distillation not when finished! You may split page with one side procedure and one side a table for volume collected
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of essential oil from the fruits of Solanum erianthum‚ a species extensively used in traditional medicine. The essential oil from fruits was extracted by hydrodistillation and the chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The yield of essential oil based on the dry weight of the plant was 0.05 % (v/w). Twenty two compounds accounting for 99.2 % of the total oil were identified. The main compounds were 9‚ 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z
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samples collected during fractional distillation were used in gas chromatography to test the purity of the distillate. When examining the vials one was missing and two had erased labels. Based on the reading from the mystery vials and the relation to the other vials the trial they could’ve come from was approximated. Based on the overall data there was very little change in the purity of the mixture. Table 3: Gas Chromatography Results from Fractional Distillate Vial trial nd20 1
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(Enclosure No. 4 to DepEd Memorandum No. ___‚ s. 2012) Format of Research Paper Investigatory papers that were reviewed by the national SRCs in the past years were found to have inadequacies in the content particularly in the areas cited below. These rules are found in the Guidelines (http://www.societyforscience.org/isef/rulesandguidelines) and in the Student Handbook (http://www.societyforscience.org/document.doc?id=12). The description of the research plan and the sample abstracts are provided
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Photolytic Degradation of Flupentixol-Melitracen Chapter One Introduction 1 Photolytic Degradation of Flupentixol-Melitracen 2 1. ANTIPSYCHOTIC 1.1 Antipsychotic An antipsychotic also known as neuroleptic is a tranquilizing psychiatric medication which is used to treat psychosis‚ schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Now it is increasingly being used to treat the non-psychotic disorders. Psychosis disorder included delusions or hallucinations. Delusion is the pathological condition
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Asymmetric Epoxidation of Dihydronaphthalene with a Synthesized Jacobsen’s Catalyst Justin Lindsey 12/08/96 Chem 250 GG Professor Tim Hoyt TA: Andrea Egans Abstract. 1‚2 diaminocyclohexane was reacted with L-(+)-tartaric acid to yield (R‚R)-1‚2-diaminocyclohexane mono-(+)-tartrate salt. The tartrate salt was then reacted with potassium carbonate and 3‚5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldehyde to yield (R‚R)-N‚N’-Bis(3‚5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1‚2-cyclohexanediamine‚ which was then reacted with Mn(OAc)2*4H2O
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(Dioscorea opposita Thunb) class IV chitinase‚ whose genomic DNA was cloned by Mitsunaga et al. (2004)‚ was produced by the recombinant Pichia pastoris X-33 yields remarkably‚ such as 66 mg/ L of culture medium. The chitinase was purified by column chromatography after Endoglycosidase H treatment and was then characterized. The Pichia-produced chitinase It showed properties that are similar to the original chitinase E purified from the yam tuber‚ as reported by Arakane et al. (2000). This Pichia-produced
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Medicinal Plants Introduction Introduction “In All things there is a poison‚ and there is nothing without a poison. It depends on only upon the dose whether a poison is a poison or not”---------Paracelsus (1493?-1541‚ Switzerland) Chinese saying “Shi Yao San Fei Du” means “Any drugs have toxic effects”. Introduction: Why Study Medicinal Plants Medicinal plants and religions • Medicinal plants have played an essential role in the development of human culture‚ for example religions
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using 1-methylimidazole as the starting material by using the alkylation and metathesis synthesis methods. H1-NMR and Ion Chromatography (IC) analysis will be used to verify the characteristic and presence of impurities to determine the purity of
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