Vocabulary Module 1: 1. Psychology- scientific study of behavior and mental processes 2. Basic research- pure science that ais to increase the scientific knowledge base 3. Applied research- scientific study that aims to solve practical problems 4. Structuralism- theory that the structure of conscious experience could be understood by analyzing the basic elements of thoughts ad sensation 5. Gestalt Psychology- Psychological perspective that emphasized our tendency to integrate
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Chapter 8: Cognitive Development: Piaget and Vygotsky Cognition is the term used to describe the mental activity through which human beings acquire‚ remember‚ and learn to use knowledge. Cognition includes many mental processes‚ such as perception‚ attention‚ learning‚ memory‚ and reasoning. Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development • Piaget made two important observations: o He noticed that children of the same ages tended to get the same answers wrong o He noticed
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Psychology Is Psychology a Science? In order to determine if psychology is a science or not it is important to understand what being a science means. The word comes from the Latin ‘scientia’ and refers to a system of acquiring knowledge. This is done by formulating theories through observation and experimentation of phenomena in the natural world. In the natural sciences all theories are be objective meaning free from researcher bias and contain variables which can be clearly stated. In psychology
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Pasi‚ M.‚ Salvadori‚ E.‚ Poggesi‚ A.‚ Inzitari‚ D.‚ & Pantoni‚ L. (2013). Factors predicting the montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) applicability and performances in a stroke unit. Journal of Neurology‚ 260(6)‚ 1518–1526. doi: 10.1007/s00415-012-6819-5. MOCA is a static neuropsychological evaluation in acute phase of stroke to see cognitive impairment. For use with mild to moderate strokes. It’s ease of use and high sensitivity makes it a good choice over other neuropsychological tests. Phipps
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Abstract Biology psychology is the study of how the structure‚ evolution‚ growth‚ and chemsitry of living things control‚ define and affect human behavoir. Biopsychology includes neuropsychology (your actual brain functioning and structure); and also the effects of hormones‚ drugs‚ diet etc on human behavoir and cognition. It is reductionist‚ very scientific and objective‚ and assumes all people are very similar (share universal mechanisms). Yes it uses animals sometimes - but usually in brain
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Festinger developed a cognitive dissonance theory that exclaimed people feel uncomfortable with inconsistency in their actions and morals and will work to either alter their actions or their opinions to reconcile this dissatisfaction. Avoiding scenarios that exacerbate these feelings is a tactic used to reduce dissonance. The more challenging the changes from a decision someone makes or the more “irreversible” a decision seems‚ rises the likelihood of someone rationalizing the decision. For example
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Cognitive Behavior Therapy Internet Addiction: The First Treatment Model for Internet Addiction written by Kimberly S. Young. This article presents internet addiction as one of the newest clinical disorder. Unfortunately‚ internet addiction is growing in many countries. The problem is detecting and diagnosing the addiction‚ but has been categorized with impulse-control disorders. Cognitive Behavior Therapy has been the most beneficial treatment for impulse-disorders. But this Cognitive Behavior Therapy
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COGNITIVE MODELS (19.12.2012) 1. McLaughlin’s Attention – Processing Mode 2. Implicit and Explicit model 3. Long’s Interaction Hypothesis 1. McLaughlin’s Attention – Processing Mode Types of learning: a) Controlled processing -> typical of anyone learning a branch of new skill in which only a very few elements of the skill can be retained b) Automatic processes -> refer to processing in a more accomplished skill – our branch can manage hundreds and thousands of bits of information simultaneously
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CHAPTER 1: NATURE OF PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY • It is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes • Greek word: psyche or soul; logos or study RELATION OF PSYCHOLOGY TO OTHER SCIENCES • Anthropology • Biology • Chemistry • Psychiatry • Sociology GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY • Describe behavior • Predict behavior • Explain behavior • Control or change behavior HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY (Early Schools of Thought)
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there are many new‚ possibly more valid theories now‚ but Piaget’s theory has had a lot of influence on schools‚ teaching and education all over the world. So‚ let’s begin exploring Piaget’s theory‚ the key concepts and the stages. Theories of cognitive development: Jean Piaget. September 5‚ 2010 at 4:00 pm 49 comments Our first years of life are an incredible‚ but dangerous journey. Thousands of sperm died trying to make us‚ and only one made it. From our journey as an embryo to a foetus –
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