The cognitive dissonance theory states that if there is a discrepancy – an aversive emotional state – between our beliefs and behaviors‚ we are likely to experience inconsistency between these two cognitions. For instance‚ if you smoke‚ despite knowing that smoking is harmful‚ then this may result in cognitive dissonance. Furthermore‚ the college students who put themselves through hazing to join a fraternity could be another example. These students also most likely to experience cognitive dissonance
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Learning Theories There are many different types of learning theories that are used to help guide individuals through the teaching and or learning process. It has been developed that individuals develop through stages of learning until he or she can reason logically on their own. The two learning theories this paper will focus on is the conditions of learning theory originated by Robert Gagne and the model of discovery learning originated by Jerome Bruner. Gagne’s theory recognizes that there
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Theories and models of nursing practice Dr. Sabah Abbas Ahmad College of Nursing \ university of Baghdad Sabah.abbas@ymail.com COMPETENCIES 1. Definitions of theory‚ concept‚ model‚ proposition. 2. Explain the relationships of concepts and propositions to theory 3.Discuss the purpose of theory. 4. Explain the USE OF theories from other disciplines: . .5. Explain the interdependent roles of nursing practice‚ nursing theory‚ and nursing research. .6.History and evolution of nursing theory
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Bandura’s social cognitive theory (SCT)‚ is defined as a cognitively oriented learning theory that emphasizes observational learning in determining of behavior. SCT is a stem from the social learning theory (SLT)‚ with a back round dating back to the late 1800’s.2 Bandura presented the SCT with his book: Social Foundation of thought and action: A social Cognitive Theory.2 SCT has shown children acquire much information through observational learning. Bandura focuses on: Observational Learning‚ Reciprocal
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COGNITIVE MODELS (19.12.2012) 1. McLaughlin’s Attention – Processing Mode 2. Implicit and Explicit model 3. Long’s Interaction Hypothesis 1. McLaughlin’s Attention – Processing Mode Types of learning: a) Controlled processing -> typical of anyone learning a branch of new skill in which only a very few elements of the skill can be retained b) Automatic processes -> refer to processing in a more accomplished skill – our branch can manage hundreds and thousands of bits of information simultaneously
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Cognitive Theory Paper Cognitive Therapy Ngina Hardy University of North Texas at Dallas COUN 5710- Counseling Theories November 12‚ 2012 Dr. Jennifer Baggerly Cognitive Therapy "The greatest discovery of my generation is that human beings can alter their lives by altering their attitudes of mind." William James (Whitbourne‚ 2011) When we hear the word cognitive‚ several words come to mind such as‚ reasoning
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LEARNING THEORIES Encarnacion‚ Joseph Anton Abaya‚ Stephanie Acosta‚ Maybelle Rose Alivio‚ Gabriel Baloran‚ Kimberly Guardino‚ Camille Ann Penamante‚ Christine Joy Classical conditioning gabriel Alivio kimberly baloran BEH AVIO RAL LEARN IN G TH EO RY The learning theory is represented as an S-R paradigm. The organism is treated as a “black box.” We only know what is going on inside the box by the organism’s response BEH AVIO RAL LEARN IN G TH EO RY Learning is a relatively constant change
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Theories of cognitive development: Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget (1896-1980) was actually not a psychologist at first; he dedicated his time to mollusc research. In fact‚ by the time he was 21 he’d already published twenty scientific papers on them! He soon moved to Paris‚ and got a job interviewing mental patients. Before long‚ he was working for Alfred Binet‚ and refining Burt’s reasoning test. During his time working at Binet’s lab‚ he studied the way that children reasoned. After two years of working
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between the psychosocial developmental perspectives of behaviorism and cognitive theory. Cognitive concerns itself with the thought process behind behavior‚ whereas behavior concerns its self with observable behavior. Cognitive works with stuff like decision making and memories. Behaviorism says that we learn by “trial and error” that certain actions are associated with certain consequences. The only two things that cognitive and behaviorism have in common is they both deal with behavior but that’s
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Introduction Theories are a set of interrelated concepts that give a systematic view of a phenomenon (an observable fact or event) that is explanatory & predictive in nature. Theories are composed of concepts‚ definitions‚ models‚ propositions & are based on assumptions. They are derived through two principal methods; deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning. Objectives to assess the patient condition by the various methods explained by the nursing theory to identify the needs of the patient
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