Section A (20 marks) Choose the best answer. 1. Which of the following groups is not especially susceptible to foodborne illness? a. The very young b. Young adults c. The elderly d. Pregnant or lactating women 2. The cost of foodborne illness can occur in the form of: a. Medical expenses b. Loss of sales c. Legal fees and fines d. All of the above 3. CDC reports show that in most foodborne illness outbreaks‚ mishandling of the suspect food occurred
Premium Foodborne illness Escherichia coli Bacteria
disease. Bacteria releases toxins into the body. An example of this is Bacterium Clostridium botulinum‚ this causes Botulism‚ which causes paralysis‚ This is caused by a toxin which is produced by the bacteria. The bacteria stops nerve impulses being transmitted along the neurones which in turn causing paralysis of the muscles. Cholera is caused by a bacterium called Vibrio Cholerae which is a prokaryotic organism. It infects the small intestine and produces a toxin that disrupts osmosis in the
Premium Bacteria
multiplies. Reservoirs include humans‚ animals‚ and the environment. The reservoir may or may not be the source from which an agent is transferred to a host. For example‚ the reservoir of Clostridium botulinum is soil‚ but the source of most botulism infections is improperly canned food containing C. botulinum spores. Human reservoirs. Many common infectious diseases have human reservoirs. Diseases that are transmitted from person to person without intermediaries include the sexually transmitted
Premium Infectious disease Immune system Infection
abdominal pain and nausea that appear 2 to 5 days after eating; may last 7 to 10 days. Clostridium botulinum Found: widely distributed in nature: in soil and water‚ on plants‚ and in intestinal tracts of animals and fish. Grows only in little or no oxygen. Transmission: bacteria produce a toxin that causes illness. Improperly canned foods‚ garlic in oil‚ and vacuum-packaged and tightly wrapped food. Symptoms: toxin affects the nervous system. Symptoms usually appear within 18 to 36 hours‚ but can
Premium Escherichia coli Bacteria Dehydration
El Camino College Compton Educational Center Summer 2010 General microbiology lecture part review questions for final exam Adapted by Dr. Eyob Wallano 1. Which is mismatched? A. parasitism – one organism benefits and the other receives no benefit B. competition – one organism gives off substances that inhibit or kill other organisms C. predator – seeks out and ingests live prey D. scavengers – feed on live to dead cells and wastes E. omnivores – feed on plants and flesh 2. The conversion of
Premium Immune system
used to treat this infection: acyclovir (Zovirax)‚ famciclovir (Famvir)‚ and valacyclovir (Valtrex). 17. What is unusual about the origin of the popular drug Botox? The toxin in Botox is the same toxin produced by Clostridium Botulinum‚ the bacterium that causes food poisoning. The trade name Botox comes from the letters botulinum toxin. 2. Discuss the use of silver nitrate versus erythromycin to prevent newborns from developing eye infections due to gonorrhea. When babies are born‚ most states require
Premium Immune system
of environmentally relevant microorganisms i. Bacteria‚ viruses‚ fungi‚ yeasts‚ and protozoans 2. Name one airborne microbial toxin? d. Eg. Toxin from Clostridium botulinum – potential biological warfare agent e. Neurotoxin f. Lethal dose – 0.3 µg by inhalation 3. Is lipopolysaccharide an airborne microbial toxin? What kind of bacteria contains LPS? g. Outer membrane of gram negative bacteria – Endotoxin h. Highly antigenic biological agent
Premium Humidity Bacteria Microorganism
on January 16‚ 1991. Iraq‚ as retaliation‚ launched missiles against Saudi Arabia and Israel. In 1995 Iraq admitted to having possession of brewing thousands of gallons of deadly germs and toxins and loading some of them in bombs‚ missile and rockets. The weapons included anthrax‚ botulinum toxin‚ Clostridium perfringens‚ a flesh-eating bacterium that causes gas gangrene; and aflatoxin‚ a fungal poison that causes liver cancer. In October‚1998‚ Saddam failed to let the United Nations weapons inspectors
Free Iraq Gulf War
Pathogens are everywhere. They are in people‚ animals‚ and the environment. Pathogens come in a wide variety. The types are fungal‚ bacterial‚ viral‚ and other parasites. All pathogens can be dangerous‚ but two of them are more dangerous. These two types that more dangerous are fungal and bacterial. While both fungal and bacterial pathogens cause illness‚ they differ in the way they are transmitted‚ the way they are treated‚ and the diseases they cause. First‚ the way fungal and
Premium Bacteria Immune system Infection
incident will be analysed in order to identify the key factors of failure. Firstly‚ the importance of international business environment for Fonterra will be illustrated briefly. Next‚ the report is focus on the crucial problems and mention about clostridium botulinum‚ which mainly refer to corporation social responsibility and ethnic behaviour aspects. Then the article will describe and evaluate the methods by the company to solve the issues. In addition‚ better ways for settle the problems and reasons
Premium Milk Dairy product Dairy