Reading Between the Lines: PREPARING FOR THE CIVIL SERVICES EXAMINATION Designed‚ Written and Compiled by Nikhil Pavan Kalyan‚ IAS Contributions by: Ravi Shankar Shukla‚ IAS Shena Aggarwal‚ IAS Vibhu Goel‚ IAS Ajay Singh Tomer‚ IAS Ramachandran R‚ IAS K Thavaseelan‚ IAS Anupam Saha‚ IAS Harshika Singh‚ IAS Bhuvnesh Pratap Singh‚ IAS Rukmani Riar‚ IAS Nitesh Patil‚ IAS Suhas Sivanna‚ IAS Prince Dhawan‚ IAS Surabhi Malik‚ IAS Mangeh Kumar‚ IAS Dr. Piyush Singla‚ IAS Rajanvir
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Different aspects of law There are four aspect of law namely: 1. Public and private law: Public laws are those laws that are relevant to matters affecting the entire community for examples laws about criminal activity or the environment. Public law involves interrelationship between the state and the general population. While private law involves interactions between private citizens or it applies to the relationship between an individual and the government. 2. Criminal and civil law: Criminal is a
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The role of Indian civil society: ensuring State accountability The roots of an Indian autonomous civil society is not to be found in the contemporary rise of a modern state but foremost in the ancient and medieval history of the country. Cast “panchayats”‚ village “panchayats”‚ or traders guilds all illustrates forms of local institutions that had long been untouched by the vicissitudes of the political spheres and remained autonomous from state control. Indian society had been characterised in
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Substantive law is the statutory or written law that defines rights and duties‚ such as crimes and punishments (in the criminal law)‚ civil rights and responsibilities in civil law. It is codified in legislated statutes or can be enacted through the initiative process. Substantive law stands in contrast to procedural law‚ which is the "machinery" for enforcing those rights and duties. Procedural law comprises the rules by which a court hears and determines what happens in civil or criminal proceedings
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Civil liberties are rights that are provided to individuals under the laws of the country however‚ this differs depending on the state. Many contemporary constitutions around the world have adopted the ’Bill of Rights’ whereby the rights of citizens are protected from the government. The UK on the other hand signed the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR) in 1951. Although‚ this was not incorporated into our laws until October 2000 because it was argued that common laws already provided such
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DRIVERS OF CHANGE PAKISTAN Civil Society And Social Change In Pakistan Ayesha Khan and Rabia Khan The Collective for Social Science Research March 2004 This paper is part of the Drivers of Change in Pakistan study conducted by the Institute of Development Studies (IDS) and the Collective for Social Science Research for the UK’s Department for International Development (DFID). The authors thank participants at the IDS-Collective-DFID workshop on Drivers of Change held in Islamabad‚ 6-7th
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Civil Disobedience Civil disobedience is defined as the refusal to obey certain laws or governmental demands for the purpose of influencing legislation or government policy. It is characterized by the employment of nonviolent techniques such as boycotting‚ picketing‚ and nonpayment of taxes. Civil disobedience is a nonviolent act of protest‚ which is caused by a moral belief that a law is wrong or otherwise known as unconstitutional. In the nineteenth century‚ the American author Henry David
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Opening question: Thoreau writes‚ “A minority is powerless while it conforms to the majority; it is not even a minority then; but it is irresistible when it clogs by its whole weight” (Thoreau 386). This line has the most meaning to be me because one person cannot change the world alone‚ they would need help. What one person can do though is turn a minority into a majority. I could also take this to mean that while being surrounded by all those who have fallen victim of the government and its
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BRANCHES OF LAW Among branches of law‚ two major fields can be distinguished: private law and public law. The difference between these two branches lies mainly in the parties of the legal relationship in question. Private law signifies rules that regulate the relationships between private individuals (subjects of law who are‚ legally speaking‚ in an equal situation; for example‚ the legal relationship between a buyer and a seller‚ where both parties have certain rights and obligations). Private law covers
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Trisha Mae B. Cribe August 13‚2014 Bachelor in Public Administration 3-1 Professor Ofelia Empemano Midterm Examination in Public Personnel Administration Definition and Legal framework of the principles which govern Civil Service employment 1. The Principle of Merit and Fitness The merit and fitness system is the process of promoting and hiring government employees based on their ability to perform a job‚ rather than on their political connections. A person’s qualifications are
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