Glycolysis‚ Citric Acid Cycle‚ and Electron Transport(Simon‚ Reece‚ & Dickery‚ 2010). • What is the role of glycolysis? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? In glycolysis‚ the 6-carbon sugar‚ glucose‚ is broken down into two molecules of a 3-carbon molecule called pyruvate. This change is accompanied by a net gain of 2 ATP molecules and 2 NADH molecules. Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol (Simon‚ Reece‚ & Dickery‚ 2010). • What is the role of the citric acid cycle
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9–2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport (p. 226-232) How much of the energy that is available in glucose‚ has been used/released by the end of glycolysis? Only about 10%. To get the rest of the energy released‚ what powerful electron acceptor does a cell use? oxygen Define aerobic: refers to a process that requires oxygen Look up and define anerobic: refers to a process that is ‘not in air’ or does not require oxygen Cellular respiration specifically refers to
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Biology: * Chapter 1: The Cell * Cell Adhesion Molecules (C.A.M.’s) - proteins that allow cells to recognize each other and contribute to proper cell differentiation and development. * DNA→ Genes → Histones → Chromosomes (or Chromatids) * Nucleolus- synthesizes rRNA * Smooth E.R. - lipid synthesis and detox of drugs and poison * Rough E.R. – Production of proteins products * Golgi Apparatus - series of membrane bound sacs; receives materials from smooth E.R. and sends
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1. Citric Acid * Citric acid is a weak organic acid with the molecular formula C6H8O7‚ which means a molecule of the acid contains six carbon atoms‚ eight hydrogen atoms‚ and seven oxygen atoms. When it is dissolved in water‚ it partially ionizes to yield three H+ ions (hydrogen atoms which are missing their electron) and a C6H5O7(3-) ion (the 3- means that it has three extra electrons.) The resulting solution is called an "electrolyte." Chemical Reaction When two dissimilar metals are put
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Cellular Respiration Worksheet 1. What are the 3 phases of the cellular respiration process? Glycolysis‚ Krebs Cycle‚ Electron Transport 2. Where in the cell does the glycolysis part of cellular respiration occur? in the cytoplasm 3. Where in the cell does the Krebs (Citric Acid) cycle part of cellular respiration occur? in the mitochondria 4. Where in the cell does the electron transport part of cellular respiration occur? in the mitochondria 5. How many ATP (net)are
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SYLLABUS BCHM 100A: INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMISTRY FALL 2012 Instructor: Emily Westover‚ westover@brandeis.edu Kosow 108‚ ext. 6-2304 Office Hours: M 11-1‚ W 1-2‚ or by appointment Assistants: Vy Nguyen‚ vnguyen@brandeis.edu Rick Roy‚ rroy@brandeis.edu Chris Wilson‚ cwilson@brandeis.edu Meetings: Lecture 10:00 – 10:50 am‚ MWH‚ location TBA Recitation 7:30 – 9:20 pm‚ H‚ location TBA Textbook: Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry by Nelson and Cox‚ 4th or 5th Ed. Learning
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Aldehyde and Ketone 1. ALDEHYDE Definition: An aldehyde is an organic compound containing a formyl group. This functional group‚ with the structure R-CHO‚ consists of a carbonyl center (a carbon double bonded to oxygen) bonded to hydrogen and an R group‚ which is any generic alkyl or side chain. The group without R is called the aldehyde group or formyl group. Aldehydes differ from ketones in that the carbonyl is placed at the end of a carbon skeleton rather than between two carbon atoms
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Electron Transport Chain The first step in the electron transport chain process is for the NADH2 produced during glycolysis‚ the intermediate step‚ and the citric acid cycle to be attracted to Complex I (FMN ·FeS)due to its high affinity for NADH2. This attraction pulls NADH2 to Complex I (NAD dehydrogenase) and the two electrons from H2 are pulled off by the FeS (ferrous sulfate) leaving two H+ ions and NAD+. These molecules repel each other and this results in the NAD+ being recycled
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metabolic cycles called the "Krebs" or "citric acid" cycle‚ and the oxidative phosphorylation electron transport chain. Vitamin B1(thiamine) is a coenzyme used in removing CO2 from various organic compounds. B2(riboflavin) is a component of FAD (or FADH2)‚ one of the chemicals used to transport electrons from the Krebs cycle to the electron transport chain. Vitamin B3(niacin) is a component of NAD+ (or NADH) which is the major transporter of electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to the electron
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(d) Glucose is broken down by the addition of electrons. 13-2 Which of the following stages in the breakdown of the piece of toast you had for breakfast generates the most ATP? (a) the digestion of starch to glucose (b) glycolysis (c) the citric acid cycle (d) oxidative phosphorylation 13-3 The advantage to the cell of the gradual oxidation of glucose during cellular respiration compared with its combustion to CO2 and H2O in a single step is that ________________. (a) more free energy is released
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