C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O → 12H2O + 6 CO2 The energy released is trapped in the form of ATP for use by all the energy-consuming activities of the cell. The process occurs in two phases: glycolysis‚ the breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid the complete oxidation of pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and water In eukaryotes‚ glycolysis occurs in the cytosol. (Link to a discussion of glycolysis). The remaining processes take place in mitochondria. Mitochondria Mitochondria are membrane-enclosed organelles
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two molecules of 3-carbon sugars. This produces 2ATP‚ 2 pyruvic acid‚ and 2 high energy. In The Citric Acid Cycle‚ Acetyl CoA is created. NAD and FAD are reduced carrying the high energy electrons to the next stage. In the Electron Transport‚ high energy electrons are passed to oxygen where ATP is then produced. 6. What are the three stages of cellular respiration in the correct order? Glycolysis‚ The Citric Acid Cycle‚ and Electron Transport. 7. What is released during cellular
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overview of cellular respiration and fermentation Chapter 6 Cellular respiration‚ photosynthesis occur in eukaryotic organelles (mitochondria‚ chloroplasts) CELLULAR RESPIRATION GLUCOSE 1 2 GLYCOLYSIS 1 PYRUVATE OXIDATION2 KREBS CYCLE 3 2 ELECTRON TRANSPORT 4 CHAIN 2 NET ATP PRODUCED = 36 Nelson‚ 2003 Redox Reactions • Reduction-oxidation reactions – Transfer electrons from donor to acceptor atoms • Donor is oxidized as it releases electrons • Acceptor is reduced
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is the complete cycle of a glucose molecule that happens to be using oxygen. The three stages of cellular respiration are: Glycosis‚ the Krebs cycle‚ and the electron transport chain. What is the role of glycolysis? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? Glycolysis is the first stage in cellular respiration. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm also. Glucose is converted and then passed onto the Krebs cycle. What is the role of the citric acid cycle? Include the reactants
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Quiz Chapter 13: How Cells Obtain Energy From Food . The energy released by oxidizing glucose is saved in high energy bonds of: ATP and other activated carrier molecues 2. Sugars derived from food are broken down by: glycolysis‚ the citric acid cycle‚ and oxidative phosphorylation 3. Catabolism: a breakdown process in which enzymes degrade complex molecules into simpler ones 4. The digestion of polymeric food molecules into monomeric subunits occurs in: extracellular space (i.g. lumen of
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(d) Glucose is broken down by the addition of electrons. 13-2 Which of the following stages in the breakdown of the piece of toast you had for breakfast generates the most ATP? (a) the digestion of starch to glucose (b) glycolysis (c) the citric acid cycle (d) oxidative phosphorylation 13-3 The advantage to the cell of the gradual oxidation of glucose during cellular respiration compared with its combustion to CO2 and H2O in a single step is that ________________. (a) more free energy is released
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not require oxygen (anaerobic). This step also occurs in two steps‚ the energy investment step‚ and the energy yielding step. This process yields four molecules of ATP but only two are used to begin the process. This first step can also create lactic acid in a process known as fermentation. The second step is the preparatory step. The two pyruvate molecules enter the mitochondria after glycolysis.
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atoms to the electron carrier molecule NAD to form two phosphoglyceric acids(PGA). Lastly‚ the two PGAs get broken down to two pyruvic acid(C3) molecules due to high energy releasing reactions(Rizzo 65). The energy in the molecule of pyruvic acid is converted to four ATP molecules‚ but two of which has to be paid back. Overall‚ anaerobic glycolysis produces two ATP in the breakdown of one molecule of glucose into two pyruvic acid molecules. When oxygen is present‚ eight ATP are produced because of
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two major stages; the Krebs Cycle and the electron transport chain. 2. In the Krebs cycle‚ the oxidation of glucose that began with glycolysis is completed. 3. In the electron transport chain‚ NADH is use to make ATP. 4. In prokaryotes the reactions take place in the cytoeol. 5. In eukaryotes the reactions take place in the mitochondria. 6. The mitochondrial matrix is the space inside the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. 7. When pyruvic acid enters the mitochondrial matrix
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The human body is a very complex working system and it requires a lot of energy to function properly. The human body eats food molecules that contain nutrients in order to get the energy needed to function. Once these food molecules are broken down in the human body some of the nutrients are made into glucose‚ which is an energy source. This glucose is not quite usable as one whole thing so our body breaks down even more into other molecules like pyruvate. Eventually the human body needs to make
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