critical currents Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation Occasional Paper Series Carbon Trading How it works and why it fails no.7 November 2009 critical currents no.7 November 2009 Carbon Trading How it works and why it fails Tamra Gilbertson and Oscar Reyes Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation Uppsala 2009 The Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation pays tribute to the memory of the second Secretary General of the UN by searching for and examining workable alternatives for a socially and economically
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EASTERN CARIBBEAN CENTRAL BANK GUIDELINES ON CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT FOR INSTITUTIONS LICENSED TO CONDUCT BANKING BUSINESS UNDER THE BANKING ACT Prepared by the BANK SUPERVISION DEPARTMENT May 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION I II III IV V OVERVIEW INTERPRETATION AUTHORITY APPLICATION COMMENCEMENT 1 2 3 3 3 4 10 12 14 15 CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME ADEQUATE CREDIT RISK CONTROLS ROLE OF BOARD OF DIRECTORS LOAN SYNDICATIONS OTHER REPORTING REQUIREMENTS INTRODUCTION I
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PROPOSAL TO IMPLEMENT A CUSTOMER REWARDS PROGRAM THROUGH EXPRESS MART PLUS CARD Abstract Due to the increase in competition in the Retail Industry‚ we must impose a new marketing strategy to retain our current customers. Our main strategy is to create a reward program for customers through XM Plus Card Rewards Program. Achieving the above will allow us to retain our current customers by motivating them to frequently buy from Xpress Mart. I. Introduction Modern marketing revolves
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money‚ credit also came into existence. Credit is created when one party (it can be person‚ group of people‚ firm or an institution) lends money to another party‚ the borrowers. The act of borrowing creates both credit and debit. Debt means the obligation to pay the finance borrowed and credit means the claim to receive this money payment from the other party. Every credit involves debt‚ that is obligation to pay money and therefore creates claim. 1.1 Definition of important terms 1.1.1 Credit is generally
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What is credit policy ? Credit is temporary capital and the objective of credit is to lend with the purpose of increasing profits and sales. A sound credit policy in business is the blue print to managing by measurement and benchmark The question then arises is ’What is a Credit Policy and how does one write a Credit Policy for their specific nature of business operations? Writing an effective Credit Policy begins with an understanding of the financial exposure that you or your business can
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ECONOMIC LIFE OF ASIA The economy of Asia comprises more than 4 billion people (60% of the world population) living in 46 different states. Six further states lie partly in Asia‚ but are considered to belong to another region economically and politically. As in all world regions‚ the wealth of Asia differs widely between‚ and within‚ states. This is due to its vast size‚ meaning a huge range of differing cultures‚ environments‚ historical ties and government systems. The largest
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Nur Asila Abdul Latif ID : 2010577821 Group : MC21S5A Summary of MARC and RAM (Credit rating agencies) To know what is RAM and MARC is doing in the financial sector in Malaysia‚ we need to know what is the credit rating first. So‚ credit ratings are forward-looking opinions about credit risk. A credit rating is an opinion of the general creditworthiness of countries‚ companies and individuals. Lower credit ratings result in higher borrowing costs because the borrower is deemed to carry a
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CHAPTER –6 Credit creation by commercial Bank Demand deposits as money Bank deposits are two types. 1. Demand Deposit 2. Time deposit The demand deposits on which cheques are issued are also called as cash deposits or current deposits. D.D are therefore‚ almost as good as cash money the depositor can convert a part or the whole of the current account in currency notes at any time. According to T.T Sethi “A demand deposit is the obligation of a bank to pay a certain sum of money to a specified
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Introduction Definition of ’Letter Of Credit’ A letter from a bank guaranteeing that a buyer’s payment to a seller will be received on time and for the correct amount. In the event that the buyer is unable to make payment on the purchase‚ the bank will be required to cover the full or remaining amount of the purchase. Letters of credit are often used in international transactions to ensure that payment will be received. Due to the nature of international dealings including factors such as distance
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Credit Approval Process: Credit approval process starts with receiving prescribed completed credit application from the customer and ends with issuance of a written “Sanction Advice” by the Bank. Credit approval process in the bank shall be guided by some basic principles. These are as follows: Credit Proposal: Purpose: A Credit Proposal is prepared by the Relationship Management Team either at Branch or Corporate Division based at Head Office to present a concise and objective assessment
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