digital revolution. He went on to create mathematical logic including the Enigma cipher machine which he helped the British government decipher the Nazi German communications (Hodges‚ 1995). According to E2BN (2008)‚ “The fact remains that everyone who taps at a keyboard‚ opening a spreadsheet or a word-processing program‚ is working on an incarnation of a Turing machine." Creative Mind Alan Turing’s Enigma cipher machine has been said to have ended WWII two years earlier than projected and saved
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of the rotors. This machine consisted of twelve different rotor variations (Underwood Industrialization of Codebreaking). Turing revised the bombe by also making it recognize certain “cribs”. A crib is an algorithm of letters which match up to the cipher letters. To figure out if a message was lined up correctly‚ Turing had to make sure a letter did not match up to itself. It was easier to find cribs in the formulaic messages such as the “Heil Hitler” and “weather”. After finding the correct placement
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2 INTRODUCTION TO CRYPTOGRAPHY 2.1 WHAT IS CRYPTOGRAPHY? The word cryptography comes from the Greek words κρυπτο (hidden or secret) and γραφη (writing). Oddly enough‚ cryptography is the art of secret writing. More generally‚ people think of cryptography as the art of mangling information into apparent unintelligibility in a manner allowing a secret method of unmangling. The basic service provided by cryptography is the ability to send information between participants in a way that prevents
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20 November. 2013 A Comparison of Writing Styles and Themes From Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s “The Musgrave Ritual” and Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Gold Bug” It was well documented in his Biography that Sir Arthur Conan Doyle based his character‚ Sherlock Holmes on his teacher and mentor‚ Doctor Joseph Bell‚ a surgeon that Doyle studied under at Edinburgh University (Hodgson 4). We can see another influence on the stories written about “the great detective” in the works that came some 50 years
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that can encipher/decipher a message. It was called the Enigma. It was a small box‚ which consisted of physical keys‚ rotors‚ bulbs and electrical wires connecting them. Enigma was the most powerful code-making machine until then. Enigma was used to cipher plain text into jumbled text and there were many different settings in the machine to do this. There can be 159 quintillion possibilities for a given letter‚ which means decoding using frequency analysis was impossible. To put it in simple words‚
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Using the book “Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea”‚ by John Haugeland‚ I have learned the meaning of artificial intelligence truly and how it integrates in the real world. In this paper I will be discussing important sections of my chosen reading‚ followed by a more detailed explanation on the history of artificial intelligence‚ and concluding with a more practical use of artificial intelligence by means of cryptography. Firstly‚ this paper examines artificial intelligence and its links with
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Practice Questions with Solutions Chapter 1 1. What is the correct approach for addressing security and organization objectives? a. Security and organization objectives should be developed separately. b. Security should drive organization objectives. c. Security should support organization objectives. d. The site security officer should approve or reject organization objectives. 2. The statement‚ “Promote professionalism among information system security practitioners through the provisioning
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CMP 558 Information Systems Security Assignment 1 Chapter 1: 1.2) What is the OSI security architecture? Ans) A Systematic way of defining the requirements for security and characterizing the approaches to satisfying them is generally defined as “OSI security architecture”. This was developed as an international standard. Focuses of OSI Security Architecture: 1) Security attacks – action that compromises the security of information owned by an organization. 2) Security mechanism
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the coded messages across‚ rather than use it to their advantage like the Union did. During the Civil War‚ “[c]oders had to have great auditory acuity‚ and memory abilities. The coded messages would have to be converted to complex ciphers” (Taylor par. 13). The ciphers helped in keeping the messages secret so the Confederacy could not decipher what the Union’s plan of attack was‚ as well as so people on the Northern side knew what was going on. The Union won the war with the help of Morse Code because
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becomes paramount so those messages are not intercepted by the opposing forces. There are a number of different ways to protect data during transmission‚ such as Substitution (character for character replacement) in which one unit (usually character) of cipher text (unintelligible text or signals produced through an encryption system) is substituted for a corresponding unit of plain text (the intelligible text or signals that can be read without using decryption)‚ according to the algorithm in use and the
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