Pandemics are epidemics on much larger scale‚ globally. Influenza‚ AIDS/HIV‚ yellow fever‚ and cholera are just a few examples of the worst epidemics known to the world. Cholera has been around since ancient times and it still continues to be a major threat. (Lamb) Cholera is an intestinal infection caused by drinking water or eating food that is contaminated with the bacterium vibrio cholera. Symptoms of an infected person may have a rapid onset of watery diarrhea with severe dehydration
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Cholera‚ aka Asiatic Cholera or epidemic cholera‚ is an infectious disease of the gastrointestinal tract caused by the Vibrio cholerae bacterium. From the family Vibrionaceae‚ the bacterium is characterized as a gram-negative rod. As with other gram-negative rods‚ Vibrio cholerae produces an endotoxin‚ known as cholera toxin. This bacterium is mobile due to the presence of a single polar flagellum and is highly infectious. The Vibrio cholerae bacterium grows in both freshwater and marine habitats
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death rate was highest and what people died of. Then there was John Snow who discovered that cholera was spread through dirty water and the outbreak in 1854 gave him the chance to prove his theory. His evidence was so strong that the handle of the Broad Street water pump was taken away‚ stopping people getting water from the pump. Snow proved that clean water was essential for preventing the spread of cholera. Finally‚ there was Joseph Bazalgette who was the engineer who designed and built London’s
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father of epidemiology‚ was also a pioneer in using anesthesia for women during childbirth. In 1853‚ Snow gave Queen Victoria chloroform when she gave birth to her eighth child‚ Prince Leopold. During his life‚ John Snow was witness to several cholera outbreaks. He wanted to learn more about how the disease spread. The early years John Snow was born in 1813 in York‚ England. He was a very bright‚ methodical‚ and eager student. His mother used a small inheritance to send him to a private school
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crisis in 1994‚ outbreaks of cholera caused at least 48 000 cases and 23 800 deaths within one month in the refugee camps in Goma‚ the Congo. Although rarely so deadly‚ outbreaks continue to be of major public health concern‚ causing considerable socioeconomic disruption as well as loss of life. In 2001 alone‚ WHO and its partners in the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network participated in the verification of 41 cholera outbreaks in 28 countries. In 1961‚ the 7th cholera pandemic wave began in Indonesia
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apprenticeship‚ that he fi rst encountered Asiatic cholera as it arrived in England in . In his medical studies‚ Snow learned the prevailing humoral model of disease‚ which held that health depended on the balance of four humors: blood‚ phlegm‚ black bile‚ and yellow bile. Th e tools of the surgeon-apothecary were very limited‚ consisting of bleeding with leeches as well as the use of purgatives and emetics to balance the humors. Cholera was treated in various ways depending on how physicians
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water which sterilized the water and killed the toxins that become disruptive in the digestive system when they are consumed. They Europeans may have poured what are called oral rehydration salts into the well‚ which quickly works are combatting the cholera‚ and will prevent further outbreaks from occurring. 2. Ethical issues that are raised by pouring the treatment into the wells without the consent of others is that people should be entitled to choose whether or not they want to chance their lives
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GROUP 2 Leader: Michelle Mausisa Members: Arjay Afan‚ AJ Bermudez‚ Renz Castro‚ (Silvia) MINHEE‚ Jeline Sarmiento‚ Daphne Galvez‚ Rosh Padua‚ Sam Jones‚ Joseph Valdez. Communicable diseases: a. Tuberculosis - is a common‚ and in many cases lethal‚ infectious disease caused by various strains ofmycobacteria‚ usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It typically attacks the lungs‚ but can also affect other parts of the body. - It is spread through the air when people who have an active TB infection
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Summary The Ghost Map was a historical piece of literature that was used to explain the V. cholera epidemic in London. The book‚ written by Steven Johnson‚ tells about how the water and the lack of proper sewage systems lead to a disease that killed many citizens and lead to panic for Londoners. Dr. John Snow‚ an anesthesiologist‚ began to research what played a role in the deaths and how it could be cured and stopped. He discovered that the disease was a waterborne disease after a series of
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Lessons from the ‘Humanitarian Golden Rice’ project: regulation prevents development of public good genetically engineered crop products. New Biotechnology‚ 27‚ 466-472. RENUGA‚ G.‚ SARAVANAN‚ R.‚ THANDAPANI‚ A. B. & ARUMUGAM‚ K. 2010. Expression of Cholera toxin B subunit in Banana callus culture. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research‚ 2‚ 26-33. SIJMONS‚ P. C.‚ DEKKER‚ B. M. M.‚ SCHRAMMEIJER‚ B.‚ VERWOERD‚ T. C.‚ VAN DEN ELZEN‚ P. J. M. & HOEKEMA‚ A. 1990. Production of Correctly Processed
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