Biotechnology‚ Mapua Institute of Technology; 2Student (s)‚ Subject/Section‚ School of Chemical Engineering‚ Chemistry and Biotechnology‚ Mapua Institute of Technology ABSTRACT Hydrocarbons are compounds that only contain carbon and oxygen atoms. Alkanes‚ alkenes‚ alkynes and aromatic rings are the four classifications of hydrocarbons. Each of these classifications have different physical and chemical properties that were tested as this experiment was performed. Flammability test and solubility test
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Introduction to Alkane Nomenclature A. Determining the Priority of Functional Groups. What’s in a name? 3-ethyl-5-(1-methylpropyl)-4‚4-dimethylnonane Too big a subject to cover on one sheet! This paper will focus on alkanes. Determining functional group priority will be the subject of a subsequent sheet. suffix http://masterorganicchemistry.com D. Applying the Lowest Locator Rule F. Dealing With Branched Substituents (the IUPAC Way) Number the chain from one end so as
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the type of bonding that exists between the carbons. There are hydrocarbons that contain only carbon-to-carbon single bonds and they are called alkanes. There are also hydrocarbons that contain only carbon-to-carbon single bonds but it is different from alkanes because their carbon atoms are bonded together to form rings. They are called cyclohexanes. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are also known as saturated molecules – containing only carbon-to-carbon single bonds. When we say that a hydrocarbon is saturated
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(wherein carbon-to-carbon bonds are single bonds) or unsaturated (wherein there are one or more carbon-to-carbon multiple bonds). Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons are alkanes while unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons are alkenes and alkynes. The general formula of alkanes‚ alkenes and alkynes are CnH2n+2‚ CnH2n‚ and CnH2n-2‚ respectively. Alkanes‚ alkenes and alkynes can be open-chain (acyclic)‚ cyclic‚ unbranched or branched. Aromatic hydrocarbons are represented by a
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HOMOLOGOUS SERIES | ALKANE | ALKENE | ALCOHOL | CARBOXYLIC ACID | ESTER | GENERAL FORMULA | CnH2n+2‚ where n= 1‚2‚3‚.. | CnH2n‚ where n= 2‚3‚4‚.. | CnH2n+1OH‚ where n= 1‚2‚3 | CnH2n+1COOH‚ where n= -0‚1‚2‚3‚.. | CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1‚ where n= 0‚1‚2‚3‚.. and m= 1‚2‚3‚.. | PHYSICAL PROPERTIES | * MP & BP Size of hydrocarbon molecules inc‚ f.o.a inc‚ more heat overcome f.o.a * Density Mass per molecule inc faster than volume per molecule * Gas – liquidSize of hydrocarbon molecule inc‚ f
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Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to synthesize isopentyl acetate via an esterification reaction between acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol‚ using concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The product was washed with sodium hydrogen carbonate‚ as well as with water‚ then dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The product was then distilled using a Hickman still and characterized using infrared spectroscopy. The percent yield of isopentyl acetate was 61.52%. This may have been low due to
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which is still brown.For baeyer’s test‚the alkane which is heptanes will not undergo the oxidation reaction with potassium permanganate due to saturate bond .Thus‚will forming two layer will form which the solution does not mix.While on the other hand‚2-pentene will react with sulphuric acid to form penta-2‚3-diol.The purple color of KmnO4 will change to brown CH3CH=CHCH2CH3 + KMnO4 (cold) ---> CH3CH2(OH)CH2(OH)CH2CH3 For the experiment between alkane and alkene that react with sulphuric acid‚alkene
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reaction to form n-butane. Propose two reaction pathways to produce n-butane‚ writing the complete chemical reaction equations. [10 marks] e) n-hexane is a type of alkane. List three physical properties of alkane. [3 marks]
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Chemistry revision Atoms elements and compounds Atom-the smallest part of an element that can still be recognized as an element Element-a substance made up of only one type of atom. An element cannot be broken down chemically into any simpler substance Nucleus-middle of the atom‚ which contains protons and neutrons Electron-tiny particle‚ which surrounds the nucleus with a negative charge Compound-when two elements react and combine together which contain more than one element. There
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Carbon and Its Compounds Carbon: Introduction Atomic Number: 6 Electronic Configuration: 2‚ 4. Valence electrons: 4 Property: Non-metal Abundance:- Carbon is the 4th most abundant substance in universe and 15th most abundant substance in the earth’s crust. Compounds having carbon atoms among the components are known as carbon compounds. Previously‚ carbon compounds could only be obtained from a living source; hence they are also known as organic compounds. Bonding In Carbon:- The Covalent
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