Points to use during project: 1) Cholera was first described by Filippo Paccini in 1854‚ but it was Robert Koch’s famous description thirty years later that was finally recognized. 2) Cholera came to Florence in 1854 during the Asiatic Cholera Pandemic of 1846-63. Notes on Cholera (lenntech.com) Cholera is an acute‚ diarrhoeal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the bacterium Vibrio Cholerae. A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food contaminated with the cholera
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reproduction of bacteria effectively without generating smelly gas related to chlorine. In addition‚ it is very simple to use. However‚ this process can produce disinfection byproducts. As mentioned in the article‚ “In the mid-1970s‚ byproducts of the chlorination process were discovered‚ including chloroform and trihalomethanes (THMs)
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UNIT 1 REVISION CHECKLIST Topic 1.1 Can you a) define atomic number‚ mass number‚ isotopes‚ relative atomic mass‚ relative molecular mass b) remember the four stages in mass spectrometry and explain how each one works c) calculate relative atomic mass from isotopic composition data‚ or from a mass spectrum of an atom d) deduce relative molecular mass from the mass spectrum of a molecule e) Give the electronic configuration of atoms with atomic number 1-36 and of the common ions
Free Atom Chemical bond Covalent bond
the naming convention of the alkanes except that the suffix -yne is used instead of -ane. For alkynes above propyne the position of the double bond must be specified in the name. Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons and are generally very reactive. Typical reactions involve the addition of hydrogens or halogens. Alkynes are hydrocarbons that contain a carbon–carbon triple bond. Because of its triple bond‚ an alkyne has four fewer hydrogens than the corresponding alkane. Therefore‚ the
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Alloy - An alloy is a substance made by melting two or more elements together‚ at least one of them a metal. An Example: Examples of alloys include brass‚ bronze‚ 14k gold‚ and sterling silver. covalent bond - A covalent bond is a chemical link between two atoms in which electrons are shared between them. An Example: There is covalent between the oxygen and each hydrogen in (H 2 O). Each of the bonds contains two electrons - one from a hydrogen atom and one from the oxygen atom. Both atoms
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different substances. Crude oil is also a naturally occurring hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbons are molecules that contain hydrogen and carbon and come in various lengths and structures‚ like rings and straight and branched chains. Petroleum contains many alkanes and alkenes and has several impurities when removed from underneath the earth. Refining petroleum entails both the removal of these impurities and also the separation of petroleum into its various components. The specific method for this separation
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Water treatment * Water treatment - describes those industrial-scale processes used to make water more acceptable for a desired end-use. These can include use for drinking water‚ industry‚ medical and many other uses. Such processes may be contrasted with small-scale water sterilization practiced by campers and other people in wilderness areas. The goal of all water treatment process is to remove existing contaminants in the water‚ or reduce the concentration of such contaminants so the water
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com bilal.kaafarani@aub.edu.lb Office: 416 Chemistry O.H.: 2:00-3:20 PM‚ MW Chem 211 B. R. Kaafarani 1 Lectures Chapter 1 2 3 7 4&8 5 6 9 10 11 12 Chem 211 Material covered Structure Determines Properties Alkanes & Cycloalkanes: Introduction to Hydrocarbons Alkanes & Cycloalkanes: Conformations and cistrans Stereoisomers Stereochemistry Alcohols & Alkyl Halides. Nucleophilic Substitution Structure & Preparation of Alkenes: Elimination Reactions Reactions of Alkenes: Addition reactions
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Alanine (ala‚ A) (neutral‚ non-polar) Arginine (arg‚ R) (basic‚ polar) Asparagine (asn‚ N) (neutral‚ polar) Aspartic Acid (asp‚ D) (acidic‚ polar) Cysteine (cys‚ C) (neutral‚ slightly polar) Glutamic Acid (glu‚ E) (acidic‚ polar) Glutamine (gln‚ Q) (neutral‚ polar) Glycine (gly‚ G) (neutral‚ non-polar) Histidine (his‚ H) (basic‚ polar) Isoleucine (ile‚ I) (neutral‚ non-polar) Leucine (leu‚ L) (neutral‚ non-polar) Lysine (lys‚ K) (basic‚ polar) Methionine (met‚
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OCR gateway Core C1 revision notes Anything written in purple is for higher tier Exam tips are in red Fossil Fuels 3 types Coal (made from dead plants that lived millions of years ago) Crude oil (made from dead sea creatures that lived millions of years ago) Natural gas (made from dead sea creatures that lived millions of years ago) Key words to learn Non-renewable- fossil fuels are said to be this as we are using them up faster than they can be made Finite- these will run out if we
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