Science Revision Notes Chemistry Atoms are the smallest particle of a particular element. Molecules are particles that contain 2 or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds. Elements are substances that are made up of only one type of atom. Compounds are substances form when two or more elements are joined chemically. Metals are solid at room temperature‚ with the exception of mercury. Metals are good conductors of electricity and heat. Metals can usually be melted at high temperatures. Non-metals
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Chemistry Exam Revision - Redox & Electrochemical Series - Define oxidation and reduction in term of loss and gain of oxygen; loss and gain of electrons and change in oxidation state (number). • Oxidation is the loss of electrons; an increase in oxidation state or a gain in oxygen by a molecule‚ atom‚ or ion. • Reduction is the gain of electrons; a decrease in oxidation state or a loss of oxygen by a molecule‚ atom‚ or ion. • OIL RIG (Oxidation is Loss‚ Reduction is Gain) - Rules for assigning
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Green Chemistry – AUDI 1. What does the company sell/manufacture? Audi is a company based in Germany that designs‚ develops‚ produces and sells premium automobiles. Audi is under the control of its patent company Volkswagen. Audi has production facilities in Germany‚ China‚ India‚ Italy‚ Hungary and Belgium. 2. How has this company used green chemistry? With Audi’s current model range‚ it meets the requirements for ‘EU Directive 2005/64/EC’ with regards to their reusability‚ recyclability
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Honors Chemistry Notes Unit 1 • Matter- Anything that has mass and volume and anything that has the property of inertia. -Quantitative. -Can be solid‚ liquid‚ gas. • Inertia- Ability to resist changes in its motion. -Change in motion could be terms of speed or distance. -A car that moves after it has stopped. • Mass- The amount of matter in an object. -The balances that you use in laboratory measure mass‚ not weight. -SI unit is kilogram (kg). • Conservation of Mass- The law states that
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AP Chemistry Name _________________________________ Period ___ Date __/__/__ 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Precipitate Practice #1 Write balanced molecular and detailed ionic equations. Strike out any spectator ions. 1. Solutions of lead nitrate and potassium chloride are mixed. Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2 KCl(aq) PbCl2(s) + 2 KNO3(aq) Pb2+ + 2 NO3- + 2 K+ + 2 Cl- PbCl2(s) + 2 K+ + 2 NO3- 2. Solutions of sodium sulfate and calcium bromide are mixed. Na2SO4(aq)
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Aufbau principle Cr: [Ar] 4s1 3d5 Many times‚ half-filled and completely filled orbitals are unusually stable‚ so sigma electrons can rarely end up promoted to pi electrons Types of electrons Valence: outer electrons responsible for chemistry Transition metals: Any
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http://www.kewpid.com 1. Fossil fuels provide both energy and raw materials such as ethylene‚ for the production of other substances 1) Construct word and balanced chemical equations of chemical reactions as they are encountered • Methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water • CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) 2) Identify the industrial source of ethylene from the cracking of some of the fractions from refining of petroleum Generally‚ demand for petrol exceeds supply produced from fractional distillation
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4 = 6.9/ 7 * The atomic mass is the mean of all the isotopes of Lithium in nature; round the number * Isotopes of a specific element have a varying number of neutrons * The number of neutrons do not affect the chemistry because they are not electrically active; neutral * Mendeleev organized the elements according to their atomic mass but today we organized them according to their atomic number * Staircase line separates the metals from the non-metals
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Chapter 5 Notes The study of energy and its transformations is called thermodynamics. An aspect of thermodynamics that deals with the relationships between chemical reactions and energy changes involving heat is called thermochemistry. 5.1 The Nature of Energy Energy is defined as the capacity to do work or produce heat. Work is the energy used to cause an object with mass to move. Heat is the energy of an object that causes its temperature to increase. Kinetic and Potential Energy
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Year 11 Module 1 – The Chemical Earth The Earth is made up of a large number of different substances: elements‚ compounds & mixtures We can classify elements & compounds as pure substances. These are always HOMOGENEOUS. Mixtures are not pure substances and can be either homogeneous or HETEROGENEOUS. Pure substances have a fixed composition eg copper metal‚ sulfur‚ carbon dioxide (CO2)‚ methane (CH4). Mixtures have variable composition and can also be separated into its components relatively
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