(ADP + P ATP) d. Substrate-level: direct enzymatic transfer of a phosphate to ADP * Only occurs during glycolysis when O2 is not needed to function * Only a small amount of ATP is produced this way e. Electron Transfer /Chemiosmosis: the movement of protons (H+) down a concentration gradient through ATP synthase that can HARNESS THE ENERGY OF THAT GRADIENT (proton-motive force) to bond ADP and phosphate to create ATP through oxidative phosphorylation * Occurs during the
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Unit Test #2 Review Redox Reactions oxidation: involves loss of electrons‚ often occur with loss of hydrogen‚ occur with gain of oxygen reduction: involves gain of electrons‚ often occur with loss of oxygen‚ occur with gain of hydrogen redox reactions: coupled reactions that play a key role in flow of energy‚ involve gain/loss of electrons Energy Terms anabolic: using energy to build large molecules catabolic: breaking down compounds into smaller molecules to release energy metabolism: all the
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exergonic flow of electrons to pump hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial membrane. In the DNP case hydrogen ions “leaked” back across the membrane‚ diffusing down its gradient. When the mitochondrial membrane became "leaky" to hydrogen ions chemiosmosis stopped because there wasn ’t a gradient of protons between the outside and inside of the membrane. Without a gradient of protons the majority of the ATP produced by cellular respiration couldn ’t be produced which is essential to make fatty acids
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|AP Cellular Respiration Lab Report | |Lab #3 | | | |
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hydrogenotrophic‚ use carbon dioxide (CO2) as a source of carbon‚ and hydrogen as a reducing agent. Some of the CO2 is reacted with the hydrogen to produce methane‚ which produces an electrochemical gradient across a membrane‚ used to generate ATP through chemiosmosis. In contrast‚ plants and algae use water as their reducing agent. Methanogens lack peptidoglycan‚ a polymer that is found in the cell walls of the Bacteria but not Archaea. Some methanogens have a cell wall that is composed of pseudopeptidoglycan
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Activity 9.1 A Quick Review of Energy Transformations Review Chapter 8 and pages 160–162 of Chapter 9 in Biology‚ 7th edition. Then complete the discussion by supplying or choosing the appropriate terms. To maintain life‚ organisms must be able to convert energy from one form to another. For example‚ in the process of photosynthesis‚ algae‚ plants‚ and photosynthetic prokaryotes use the energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose and oxygen (a waste product). The summary
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stages of cellular respiration Glycolysis‚ location‚ three phases‚ output. Breakdown of pyruvate‚ location‚ input and output Citric acid cycle‚ overall goal‚ main processes. Oxidative phosphorylation‚ electron transport chain‚ final acceptor Chemiosmosis‚ role of H ions‚ role of ATP synthase Fermentation‚ steps in the process‚ alcoholic and lactate‚ where each occurs Be able to read glycolysis pathways from handout (glycolysis case study). Be able to diagnose based on blood tests Photosynthesis
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cycle? NADH and FADH2 16. How many of each type of energy carrier is yielded from one pyruvate molecule? 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 17. In which stage of aerobic cellular respiration will the energy carriers be used? Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis 18. What waste product is expelled during the Krebs cycle and how many molecules of it are produced per molecule of acetyl CoA? 2 CO2 19. Summarize all of the important products (and their quantities) yielded after one pyruvic acid molecule
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pyruvate into acetyl-CoA then the kreb’s cycle starts. Kreb’s cycle has three segments and nine reactions producing three NADH‚ one FADH2‚ ATP‚ and carbon dioxide. The last part of cellular respiration includes the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis the name for the movement of electrons through a gradient making
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Cellular respiration a process in which sugar and oxygen are used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‚ water‚ and carbon dioxide. The chemical equation for this reaction is C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP). Cellular respiration occurs in 4 steps: Glycolysis‚ the preparatory reaction‚ the Krebs Cycle‚ and the oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell‚ in this process glucose is broken into two 3 Carbon molecules called pyruvates. The preparatory reaction
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